Search results for: short columns
2445 A Computerized Tool for Predicting Future Reading Abilities in Pre-Readers Children
Authors: Stephanie Ducrot, Marie Vernet, Eve Meiss, Yves Chaix
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Learning to read is a key topic of debate today, both in terms of its implications on school failure and illiteracy and regarding what are the best teaching methods to develop. It is estimated today that four to six percent of school-age children suffer from specific developmental disorders that impair learning. The findings from people with dyslexia and typically developing readers suggest that the problems children experience in learning to read are related to the preliteracy skills that they bring with them from kindergarten. Most tools available to professionals are designed for the evaluation of child language problems. In comparison, there are very few tools for assessing the relations between visual skills and the process of learning to read. Recent literature reports that visual-motor skills and visual-spatial attention in preschoolers are important predictors of reading development — the main goal of this study aimed at improving screening for future reading difficulties in preschool children. We used a prospective, longitudinal approach where oculomotor processes (assessed with the DiagLECT test) were measured in pre-readers, and the impact of these skills on future reading development was explored. The dialect test specifically measures the online time taken to name numbers arranged irregularly in horizontal rows (horizontal time, HT), and the time taken to name numbers arranged in vertical columns (vertical time, VT). A total of 131 preschoolers took part in this study. At Time 0 (kindergarten), the mean VT, HT, errors were recorded. One year later, at Time 1, the reading level of the same children was evaluated. Firstly, this study allowed us to provide normative data for a standardized evaluation of the oculomotor skills in 5- and 6-year-old children. The data also revealed that 25% of our sample of preschoolers showed oculomotor impairments (without any clinical complaints). Finally, the results of this study assessed the validity of the DiagLECT test for predicting reading outcomes; the better a child's oculomotor skills are, the better his/her reading abilities will be.Keywords: vision, attention, oculomotor processes, reading, preschoolers
Procedia PDF Downloads 1472444 Women Right in Islam and Misconceptions: A Critical Study
Authors: Abubakar Ibrahim Usman, Mustapha Halilu
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The provisions of rights to women in Islam have generated and are creating a tense and serious debate among Muslims and non-Muslims alike. The Muslims are arguing that Islam provides right to Womenfolk, but their actions, cultural/traditional practices, and treatment reveal otherwise, Non-Muslims, on the other hand, held a different view, saying that Islam has never made such provision. One may not blame their misconception, due to the wide spectrum of treatment given to women in many Muslim societies, which generated, fueled and geared the misconceptions and ceaseless barrage of sensational articles, movies and negative portrayal of Islam today. It has to put in our minds, many actions and Crimes of some Muslims (Who are mostly minority) did not represent the teachings and precepts of Islam, just like one cannot put blame on the parents of a child whose actions fall short of his home background.Keywords: Islam, women rights, cultural practices, religion
Procedia PDF Downloads 4432443 Investigating the Successes of in vitro Embryogenesis
Authors: Zelikha Labbani
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The in vitro isolated microspore culture is the most powerful androgenic pathway to produce doubled haploid plants in the short time. To deviate a microspore toward embryogenesis, a number of factors, different for each species, must concur at the same time and place. Once induced, the microspore undergoes numerous changes at different levels, from overall morphology to gene expression. Induction of microspore embryogenesis not only implies the expression of an embryogenic program, but also a stress-related cellular response and a repression of the gametophytic program to revert the microspore to a totipotent status. As haploid single cells, microspore became a strategy to achieve various objectives particularly in genetic engineering. In this communication we would show the most recent advances in the producing haploid embryos via in vitro isolated microspore culture.Keywords: in vitro isolated microspore culture, success, haploid cells, bioinformatics, biomedicine
Procedia PDF Downloads 4752442 Writing Style in a Thousand Splendid Suns
Authors: Maroof Sakhi
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This article studies writing style in A Thousand Splendid Suns. It mainly discusses code-switching and usage of Persian words in the novel. Hosseini mainly writes in English; however, constantly he applies Persian words, phrases and syntax. Code-switching is used for different purposes in A Thousand Splendid Suns. It gives a voice to a character from Afghanistan. It is also used to mark a difference between the American and Afghanistan cultures and languages. Furthermore, representation of Persian language can be interpreted as valorization of the author’s mother tongue. In short, the writing style in A Thousand Splendid Suns represents Hosseini’s identity, culture and linguistic background.Keywords: code-switching, hybridity, identity, linguistic background, Persian literature
Procedia PDF Downloads 982441 Residual Power Series Method for System of Volterra Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Zuhier Altawallbeh
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This paper investigates the approximate analytical solutions of general form of Volterra integro-differential equations system by using the residual power series method (for short RPSM). The proposed method produces the solutions in terms of convergent series requires no linearization or small perturbation and reproduces the exact solution when the solution is polynomial. Some examples are given to demonstrate the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method. Comparisons with the Laplace decomposition algorithm verify that the new method is very effective and convenient for solving system of pantograph equations.Keywords: integro-differential equation, pantograph equations, system of initial value problems, residual power series method
Procedia PDF Downloads 4182440 Perception, Awareness and Attitude of Muslim Academicians on Islamic Banking Products in Kano State of Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad Abdullahi Mago
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Islamic Banking began in Nigeria last three years and the sector has shown the sign of bright future for the sector and the Nigerian economy, within this very short time it is important to know the perception of the customers particularly learned or educated individuals for immediate evaluation and adjustment. This study investigates into the perception, awareness and attitudes of the academicians in the most populous state/place in Nigeria with more than 90% muslims, and the results has shown a relatively low levels results in all the variables of the study.The study recommends aggressive marketing strategy for the Banks operating within the sector.Keywords: Islamic Banking Products, Islamic Financial Products, academicians, Islamic finance industry, perception, awareness and attitude
Procedia PDF Downloads 4422439 Practical Aspects Pertaining to the Selection of Size and Location of Source Substations in an Oil Field
Authors: Yadavalli Venkata Sridhar
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Finalization of Substation sizing and location is an important task to be carried out by electrical designers in an oil field. Practical issues influence the selection of size and location of the source substations that feed multiple production facilities are listed. Importance of selection of appropriately rated short circuit level for 11KV switchboards and constraints pertaining to availability of manufacturers are highlighted. Without being lost in the research of absolute optimum solution, under time constraints, the importance of practical approach is brought out. Focus on identifying near optimum solutions by process of elimination of unfeasible substation locations with the support of cost figures, is emphasized through a case study.Keywords: substation, size, location, oil field
Procedia PDF Downloads 6642438 E-Survey: Cancer Treatment with Proton Beam Therapy in USA
Authors: Auj-E Taqaddas
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The use of proton beam therapy is increasing globally. It seems to offer dosimetric advantages, especially in paediatric central nervous system (CNS) and brain tumours. A short E-survey was conducted to assess the clinical, technical, and educational resources and strategies employed in the state of the art proton beam therapy (PBT) centres in the USA to determine the current status of proton beam therapy. The study also aimed at finding out which PBT skills are in demand as well as what improvements are needed to ensure efficient treatment planning, delivery, and dosimetry. The study resulted in identifying areas for future research and development and in identifying cancers for which PBT is most suitable compared to other modalities to facilitate the implementation and use of PBT in clinical settings for cancer treatment.Keywords: cancer, intensity modulated proton therapy, proton beam therapy, single field uniform scanning
Procedia PDF Downloads 2062437 Ottoman Marches Composed by European Musicians
Authors: Selcen Özyurt Ulutaş
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March as a musical form in Ottoman Music has started after Sultan II. Mahmud. Owing to the modernization process on Ottoman Empire, marches had accepted and embraced by the sultanate in a short period of time. The reasons behind sultans favor against marches that is actually a European Music form is closely related to attribute meanings to marches. After Sultan II. Mahmud, marches became a symbol of westernization and became a symbol of sultanate. After that period besides sultans also princes started to compose marches. The presentation includes the demonstration of the marches classification in achieves to be able to give information on the composers of those marches. Through that process, this study aims to show attributed meanings to those marches and what those marches represent.Keywords: Ottoman marches, music, Europe, European musicians
Procedia PDF Downloads 3182436 Thermodynamic Study of Homo-Pairs in Molten Cd-Me, (Me=Ga,in) Binary Systems
Authors: Yisau Adelaja Odusote, Olakanmi Felix Akinto
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The associative tendency between like atoms in molten Cd-Ga and Cd-In alloy systems has been studied by using the Quasi-Chemical Approximation Model (QCAM). The concentration dependence of the microscopic functions (the concentration-concentration fluctuations in the long-wavelength limits, Scc(0), the chemical short-range order (CSRO) parameter α1 as well as the chemical diffusion) and the mixing properties as the free energy of mixing, GM, enthalpy of mixing and entropy of mixing of the two molten alloys have been determined. Thermodynamic properties of both systems deviate positively from Raoult's law, while the systems are characterized by positive interaction energy. The role of atomic size ratio on the alloying properties was discussed.Keywords: homo-pairs, interchange energy, enthalpy, entropy, Cd-Ga, Cd-In
Procedia PDF Downloads 4372435 Big Data Strategy for Telco: Network Transformation
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Big data has the potential to improve the quality of services; enable infrastructure that businesses depend on to adapt continually and efficiently; improve the performance of employees; help organizations better understand customers; and reduce liability risks. Analytics and marketing models of fixed and mobile operators are falling short in combating churn and declining revenue per user. Big Data presents new method to reverse the way and improve profitability. The benefits of Big Data and next-generation network, however, are more exorbitant than improved customer relationship management. Next generation of networks are in a prime position to monetize rich supplies of customer information—while being mindful of legal and privacy issues. As data assets are transformed into new revenue streams will become integral to high performance.Keywords: big data, next generation networks, network transformation, strategy
Procedia PDF Downloads 3612434 Performance Evaluation of the Classic seq2seq Model versus a Proposed Semi-supervised Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder for Time Series Data Forecasting
Authors: Aswathi Thrivikraman, S. Advaith
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The study is aimed at designing encoders for deciphering intricacies in time series data by redescribing the dynamics operating on a lower-dimensional manifold. A semi-supervised LSTM autoencoder is devised and investigated to see if the latent representation of the time series data can better forecast the data. End-to-end training of the LSTM autoencoder, together with another LSTM network that is connected to the latent space, forces the hidden states of the encoder to represent the most meaningful latent variables relevant for forecasting. Furthermore, the study compares the predictions with those of a traditional seq2seq model.Keywords: LSTM, autoencoder, forecasting, seq2seq model
Procedia PDF Downloads 1562433 A New Method Presentation for Locating Fault in Power Distribution Feeders Considering DG
Authors: Rahman Dashti, Ehsan Gord
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In this paper, an improved impedance based fault location method is proposed. In this method, online fault locating is performed using voltage and current information at the beginning of the feeder. Determining precise fault location in a short time increases reliability and efficiency of the system. The proposed method utilizes information about main component of voltage and current at the beginning of the feeder and distributed generation unit (DGU) in order to precisely locate different faults in acceptable time. To evaluate precision and accuracy of the proposed method, a 13-node is simulated and tested using MATLAB.Keywords: distribution network, fault section determination, distributed generation units, distribution protection equipment
Procedia PDF Downloads 4042432 Sentiment Analysis of Social Media on the Cryptocurrency Price
Authors: Tarek Sadraoui, Ahlem Nasr Othman
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Our research deal with studying and testing the effects of social media on the cryptocurrency price during the period 2020-2023. The rise of the phenomena of cryptocurrency in the world raises questions about the importance of sentiment analysis of social media on the price of the cryptocurrency. Using panel data, we show that the positive and negative twits have a positive and statistically significant impact on the price of the cryptocurrency, and neutral twits have exerted a negative and significant effect on the cryptocurrency price. Specifically, we determine the causal relationship, short-term and long-term relationship with ARDL approach between the cryptocurrency price and social media using the Granger causality test.Keywords: social media, Twitter, Google trend, panel, cryptocurrency
Procedia PDF Downloads 1172431 Proactive Approach to Innovation Management
Authors: Andrus Pedai, Igor Astrov
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The focus of this paper is to compare common approaches for Systems of Innovation (SI) and identify proactive alternatives for driving the innovation. Proactive approaches will also consider short and medium term perspectives with developments in the field of Computer Technology and Artificial Intelligence. Concerning computer technology and large connected information systems, it is reasonable to predict that during current or the next century, intelligence and innovation will be separated from the constraints of human-driven management. After this happens, humans will no longer be driving the innovation and there is possibility that SI for new intelligent systems will set its own targets and exclude humans. Over long time scale, these developments could result in a scenario, which will lead to the development of larger, cross galactic (universal) proactive SI and Intelligence.Keywords: artificial intelligence, DARPA, Moore’s law, proactive innovation, singularity, systems of innovation
Procedia PDF Downloads 4802430 Desert Houses of the Past: Green Buildings of Today
Authors: Baharak Shakeri, Seyed Hashem Hosseini
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The weather in deserts is hot and dry in summers, and cold and dry in winters, and difference of temperature of nights and days sometimes reaches to 28°C. People of deserts have reached some solutions to cope with this climatic condition and to decrease its annoying features. Among these solutions are: constructing houses adjacent to each other, making tall walls, using mud brick and thatch cover, constructing domical arches, cellar, and wind catcher, which are together the devices to control the adversity of hot weather in summers and cold weather in winters. Using these solutions, the people of deserts have succeeded to make the best use with the least energy consumption, and to minimize the damage on the nature and environment, and in short, they are friends of the nature, which is a step toward the objectives of green buildings.Keywords: desert house, green building, Iran, nature
Procedia PDF Downloads 3382429 Studies on the Feasibility of Cow Dung as a Non-Conventional Energy Source
Authors: Raj Kumar Rajak, Bharat Mishra
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Bio-batteries represent an entirely new long-term, reasonable, reachable and ecofriendly approach to produce sustainable energy. In the present experimental work, we have studied the effect of generation of power by bio-battery using different electrode pairs. The tests show that it is possible to generate electricity using cow dung as an electrolyte. C-Mg electrode pair shows maximum voltage and SCC (Short Circuit Current) while C-Zn electrode pair shows less OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) and SCC. We have chosen C-Zn electrodes because Mg electrodes are not economical. By the studies of different electrodes and cow dung, it is found that C-Zn electrode battery is more suitable. This result shows that the bio-batteries have the potency to full fill the need of electricity demand for lower energy equipment.Keywords: bio-batteries, electricity, cow-dung, electrodes, non-conventional
Procedia PDF Downloads 2052428 A Connected Structure of All-Optical Logic Gate “NOT-AND”
Authors: Roumaissa Derdour, Lebbal Mohamed Redha
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We present a study of the transmission of the all-optical logic gate using a structure connected with a triangular photonic crystal lattice that is improved. The proposed logic gate consists of a photonic crystal nano-resonator formed by changing the size of the air holes. In addition to the simplicity, the response time is very short, and the designed nano-resonator increases the bit rate of the logic gate. The two-dimensional finite difference time domain (2DFDTD) method is used to simulate the structure; the transmission obtained is about 98% with very negligible losses. The proposed photonic crystal AND logic gate is widely used in future integrated optical microelectronics.Keywords: logic gates, photonic crystals, optical integrated circuits, resonant cavities
Procedia PDF Downloads 1002427 MR-Implantology: Exploring the Use for Mixed Reality in Dentistry Education
Authors: Areej R. Banjar, Abraham G. Campbell
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The use of Mixed Reality (MR) in teaching and training is growing popular and can improve students’ ability to perform technical procedures. This short paper outlines the creation of an interactive educational MR 3D application that aims to improve the quality of instruction for dentistry students. This application is called MRImplantology and aims to teach the fundamentals and preoperative planning of dental implant placement. MRImplantology uses cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images as the source for 3D dental models that dentistry students will be able to freely manipulate within a 3D MR world to aid their learning process.Keywords: augmented reality, education, dentistry, cone-beam computed tomography CBCT, head mounted display HMD, mixed reality
Procedia PDF Downloads 1912426 Banking Sector Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from the State of Qatar
Authors: Fekri Shawtari
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The banking sector plays a very crucial role in the economic development of the country. As a financial intermediary, it has assigned a great role in the economic growth and stability. This paper aims to examine the empirically the relationship between banking industry and economic growth in state of Qatar. We adopt the VAR vector error correction model (VECM) along with Granger causality to address the issue over the long-run and short-run between the banking sector and economic growth. It is expected that the results will give policy directions to the policymakers to make strategies that are conducive toward boosting development to achieve the targeted economic growth in current situation.Keywords: economic growth, banking sector, Qatar, vector error correction model, VECM
Procedia PDF Downloads 1702425 Absorption Control of Organic Solar Cells under LED Light for High Efficiency Indoor Power System
Authors: Premkumar Vincent, Hyeok Kim, Jin-Hyuk Bae
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Organic solar cells have high potential which enables these to absorb much weaker light than 1-sun in indoor environment. They also have several practical advantages, such as flexibility, cost-advantage, and semi-transparency that can have superiority in indoor solar energy harvesting. We investigate organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) for indoor application while Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations were run to find the optimized structure. This may provide the highest short-circuit current density to acquire high efficiency under indoor illumination.Keywords: indoor solar cells, indoor light harvesting, organic solar cells, P3HT:ICBA, renewable energy
Procedia PDF Downloads 3102424 ISIS Resurgence in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Stacey Pollard, Henry Baraket, Girish Ganesan, Natalie Kim
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One year after U.S.-led coalition operations liberated ISIS-held territories in Iraq and Syria and killed ISIS core leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, ISIS is resurging. Taking a page from its old playbook, the organization is capitalizing on social unrest and a rapidly deteriorating security environment—exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic—to reconstitute in permissive areas of Iraq and Syria. This Short examines ISIS’s pandemic-era ground and information operations through the lens of its state- and nation-making efforts to help analysts and decisionmakers better understand the imminence and scope of the threat. ISIS is rapidly overcoming U.S.-supported counterterrorism gains and, without direct pressure to reverse these advances, is poised for recovery.Keywords: Terrorism, COVID-19, Islamic State, Instability, Iraq, Syria, Global, Resurgence
Procedia PDF Downloads 732423 Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Day-Care Centres
Authors: Kenneth Larsen, Astrid Aasland, Synnve Schjølberg, Trond Diseth
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Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders emerging in early development characterized by impairment in social communication skills and a restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests. Early identification and interventions potentially improve development and quality of life of children with ASD. Symptoms of ASD are apparent through the second year of life, yet diagnostic age are still around 4 years of age. This study explored whether symptoms associated with ASD are possible to identify in typical Norwegian day-care centers in the second year of life. Results of this study clearly indicates that most described symptoms also are identifiable by day-care staff, and that a short observation list of 5 symptoms clearly identify children with ASD from a sample of normal developing peers.Keywords: autism, early identification, day-care, screening
Procedia PDF Downloads 3952422 Plants as Alternative Covers at Contaminated Sites
Authors: M. Grifoni, G. Petruzzelli, M. Barbafieri, I. Rosellini, B. Pezzarossa, F. Pedron
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Evapotranspiration (ET) covers are an alternative cover system that utilizes water balance approach to maximize the ET process to reduce the contaminants leaching through the soil profile. Microcosm tests allow to identify in a short time the most suitable plant species to be used as alternative covers, their survival capacity, and simultaneously the transpiration and evaporation rate of the cover in a specific contaminated soil. This work shows the soil characterization and ET results of microcosm tests carried out on two contaminated soils by using Triticum durum and Helianthus annuus species. The data indicated that transpiration was higher than evaporation, supporting the use of plants as alternative cover at this contaminated site.Keywords: contaminated sites, evapotranspiration cover, evapotranspiration, microcosm experiments
Procedia PDF Downloads 2912421 On the Influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tunisian Stock Market: By Sector Analysis
Authors: Nadia Sghaier
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In this paper, we examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of the Tunisian stock market and 12 sectors over a recent period from 23 March 2020 to 18 August 2021, including several waves and the introduction of vaccination. The empirical study is conducted using cointegration techniques which allows for long and short-run relationships. The obtained results indicate that both daily growth in confirmed cases and deaths have a negative and significant effect on the stock market returns. In particular, this effect differs across sectors. It seems more pronounced in financial, consumer goods and industrials sectors. These findings have important implications for investors to predict the behavior of the stock market or sectors returns and to implement hedging strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: Tunisian stock market, sectors, COVID-19 pandemic, cointegration techniques
Procedia PDF Downloads 2012420 Molecular Biomonitoring of Bacterial Pathogens in Wastewater
Authors: Desouky Abd El Haleem, Sahar Zaki
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This work was conducted to develop a one-step multiplex PCR system for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of three different bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella spp, directly in wastewater without prior isolation on selective media. As a molecular confirmatory test after isolation of the pathogens by classical microbiological methods, PCR-RFLP of their amplified 16S rDNA genes was performed. It was observed that the developed protocols have significance impact in the ability to detect sensitively, rapidly and specifically the three pathogens directly in water within short-time, represents a considerable advancement over more time-consuming and less-sensitive methods for identification and characterization of these kinds of pathogens.Keywords: multiplex PCR, bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp.
Procedia PDF Downloads 4512419 Analysis of Teachers' Self Efficacy in Terms of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Ercan Yilmaz, Ali Murat Sünbül
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The aim of the study is to investigate teachers’ self-efficacy with regards to their emotional intelligence. The relational model was used in the study. The participant of the study included 194 teachers from secondary schools in Konya, Turkey. In order to assess teachers’ emotional intelligence, “Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-short Form was implemented. For teachers’ self-efficacy, “Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale” was used. As a result of the study, a significant relationship is available between teachers’ sense of self-efficacy and their emotional intelligence. Teachers’ emotional intelligence enucleates approximate eighteen percent of the variable in dimension named teachers’ self-efficacy for the students’ involvement. About nineteen percent of the variable in dimension “self-efficacy for teaching strategies is represented through emotional intelligence. Teachers’ emotional intelligence demonstrates about seventeen percent of variable aimed at classroom management.Keywords: teachers, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, education
Procedia PDF Downloads 4572418 Recycling Carbon Fibers/Epoxy Composites Wastes in Building Materials Based on Geopolymer Binders
Authors: A. Saccani, I. Lancellotti, E. Bursi
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Scraps deriving from the production of epoxy-carbon fibers composites have been recycled as a reinforcement to produce building materials. Short chopped fibers (5-7 mm length) have been added at low volume content (max 10%) to produce mortars. The microstructure, mechanical properties (mainly flexural strength) and dimensional stability of the derived materials have been investigated. Two different types of matrix have been used: one based on conventional Portland Cement and the other containing geopolymers formed starting from activated metakaolin and fly ashes. In the second case the materials is almost completely made of recycled ingredients. This is an attempt to produce reliable materials solving waste disposal problems. The first collected results show promising results.Keywords: building materials, carbon fibres, fly ashes, geopolymers
Procedia PDF Downloads 1702417 Control the Flow of Big Data
Authors: Shizra Waris, Saleem Akhtar
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Big data is a research area receiving attention from academia and IT communities. In the digital world, the amounts of data produced and stored have within a short period of time. Consequently this fast increasing rate of data has created many challenges. In this paper, we use functionalism and structuralism paradigms to analyze the genesis of big data applications and its current trends. This paper presents a complete discussion on state-of-the-art big data technologies based on group and stream data processing. Moreover, strengths and weaknesses of these technologies are analyzed. This study also covers big data analytics techniques, processing methods, some reported case studies from different vendor, several open research challenges and the chances brought about by big data. The similarities and differences of these techniques and technologies based on important limitations are also investigated. Emerging technologies are suggested as a solution for big data problems.Keywords: computer, it community, industry, big data
Procedia PDF Downloads 1942416 Noninvasive Technique for Measurement of Heartbeat in Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields at 27 GHz
Authors: Sara Ignoto, Elena M. Scalisi, Carmen Sica, Martina Contino, Greta Ferruggia, Antonio Salvaggio, Santi C. Pavone, Gino Sorbello, Loreto Di Donato, Roberta Pecoraro, Maria V. Brundo
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The new fifth generation technology (5G), which should favor high data-rate connections (1Gbps) and latency times lower than the current ones (<1ms), has the characteristic of working on different frequency bands of the radio wave spectrum (700 MHz, 3.6-3.8 GHz and 26.5-27.5 GHz), thus also exploiting higher frequencies than previous mobile radio generations (1G-4G). The higher frequency waves, however, have a lower capacity to propagate in free space and therefore, in order to guarantee the capillary coverage of the territory for high reliability applications, it will be necessary to install a large number of repeaters. Following the introduction of this new technology, there has been growing concern in recent years about the possible harmful effects on human health and several studies were published using several animal models. This study aimed to observe the possible short-term effects induced by 5G-millimeter waves on heartbeat of early life stages of Danio rerio using DanioScope software (Noldus). DanioScope is the complete toolbox for measurements on zebrafish embryos and larvae. The effect of substances can be measured on the developing zebrafish embryo by a range of parameters: earliest activity of the embryo’s tail, activity of the developing heart, speed of blood flowing through the vein, length and diameters of body parts. Activity measurements, cardiovascular data, blood flow data and morphometric parameters can be combined in one single tool. Obtained data are elaborate and provided by the software both numerical as well as graphical. The experiments were performed at 27 GHz by a no commercial high gain pyramidal horn antenna. According to OECD guidelines, exposure to 5G-millimeter waves was tested by fish embryo toxicity test within 96 hours post fertilization, Observations were recorded every 24h, until the end of the short-term test (96h). The results have showed an increase of heartbeat rate on exposed embryos at 48h hpf than control group, but this increase has not been shown at 72-96 h hpf. Nowadays, there is a scant of literature data about this topic, so these results could be useful to approach new studies and also to evaluate potential cardiotoxic effects of mobile radiofrequency.Keywords: Danio rerio, DanioScope, cardiotoxicity, millimeter waves.
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