Analysis of FWM Penalties in DWDM Systems Based on G.652, G.653, and G.655 Optical Fibers

Authors: Paula B. Harboe, Edilson da Silva, José R. Souza

Abstract:

This paper presents an investigation of the power penalties imposed by four-wave mixing (FWM) on G.652 (Single- Mode Fiber - SMF), G.653 (Dispersion-Shifted Fiber - DSF), and G.655 (Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber - NZDSF) compliant fibers, considering the DWDM grids suggested by the ITU-T Recommendations G.692, and G.694.1, with uniform channel spacing of 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 GHz. The mathematical/numerical model assumes undepleted pumping, and shows very clearly the deleterious effect of FWM on the performance of DWDM systems, measured by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results make it evident that non-uniform channel spacing is practically mandatory for WDM systems based on DSF fibers.

Keywords: DWDM systems, Four-Wave Mixing (FWM), G.652, G.653, G.655 compliant fibers, Signal-to-noise ratio.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1333622

References:

[1] P. B. Harboe, D. S. Godoy, and J. R. Souza, "WDM simulator for dispersive, nonlinear, and lossy optical fibers", in Proc. MOMAG 2006: 12th SBMO - Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Symposium, and 7th CBMAG - Brazilian Congress on Electromagnetism, São Caetano do Sul - SP, Brazil, September 2006 (in Portuguese).
[2] D. S. Godoy, "WDM simulator for dispersive, nonlinear, and lossy optical fibers", MSc dissertation presented to the Department of Telecommunication Engineering of the Federal Fluminense University, Niter├│i - RJ, Brazil, December 2006 (in Portuguese).
[3]
[3] G. P. Agrawal, "Nonlinear Fiber Optics" (4th edition), Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 2006.
[4] P. B. Harboe, and J. R. Souza, "Analysis of four-wave mixing in optical fiber links with non-uniform chromatic dispersion", Microwave and Optical Tech. Letters, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 102-105, October 2003.
[5] W. Zeiler, "Modeling of four-wave mixing in optical multiwavelength transmission systems using dispersion management", Research Report, University College London, London, November 1995.
[6] E. da Silva, "Analysis of penalties imposed by FWM on WDM systems", MSc dissertation presented to the Department of Telecommunication Engineering of the Federal Fluminense University, Niter├│i - RJ, Brazil, July 2008 (in Portuguese).
[7] P. B. Harboe, E. da Silva, and J. R. Souza, "WDM simulator for the analysis of power penalties imposed by FWM in G.652, G.653, and G.655 compliant fibers", in Proc. MOMAG 2008: 13th SBMO - Brazilian Microwave and Optoelectronics Symposium, and 8th CBMAG - Brazilian Congress on Electromagnetism, Florian├│polis - SC, Brazil, September 2008 (in Portuguese).
[8] K. Nakajima, M. Ohashi, Y. Miyajima, and K. Shiraki, "Assessment of dispersion varying fibre in WDM system", Electronics Letters, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1059-1060, June 1997.
[9] P. B. Harboe, E. da Silva, and J. R. Souza, "FWM in DWDM systems: non-uniform versus uniform channel spacing", in Proc. SBrT'08: XXVI Brazilian Telecommunication Symposium, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil, September 2008 (in Portuguese).
[10] S. Kojima, and T. Numai, "Theoretical analysis of modified repeated unequally spaced frequency allocations in FDM lightwave transmission systems", J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 2786-2797, July 2006.