The Effect of Carbon on Molybdenum in the Preparation of Microwave Induced Molybdenum Carbide

Authors: Abd. Rahim Yacob, Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab, Nurshaira Haifa Suhaimi

Abstract:

This study shows the effect of carbon towards molybdenum carbide alloy when exposed to Microwave. This technique is also known as Microwave Induced Alloying (MIA) for the preparation of molybdenum carbide. In this study ammonium heptamolybdate solution and carbon black powder were heterogeneously mixed and exposed to microwave irradiation for 2 minutes. The effect on amount of carbon towards the produced alloy on morphological and oxidation states changes during microwave is presented. In this experiment, it is expected carbon act as a reducing agent with the ratio 2:7 molybdenum to carbon as the optimum for the production of molybdenum carbide alloy. All the morphological transformations and changes in this experiment were followed and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction and FESEM.

Keywords: Carbon, molybdenum carbide, microwave induced alloying.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1060924

References:

[1] D. Bogdal and A. Prociak. Microwave-Enhanced Polymer Chemistry and Technology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 2007.
[2] M. Oghbaei and O. Mirzaee, "Microwave Versus Conventional Sintering: A review of Fundamentals, Advantages and Applications," Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 494 (1-2), 2010, pp. 175 - 189.
[3] P. Yadoji, R. Peelamedu, D. Agrawal and R. Roy, "Microwave sintering of Ni-Zn ferrites: comparison with conventional sintering," Material Science and Engineering B, vol. 98(3), 2003, pp. 269 - 278.
[4] D. Agrawal, "Microwave Sintering of Ceramics, Composite, Metals, And Transparent Materials," Journal of Material Education, vol. 19(4- 6), 1999, pp. 49 - 58.
[5] D.E. Clark, D.C Folz and J.K West, "Processing materials with microwave energy," Material Science and Engineering A, vol. 287(2), 2000, pp. 153 - 158.
[6] C. Leonelli, P. Veronesi, L. Denti, A. Gatto and L. Juliano, "Microwave assisted sintering of green metal parts," Journal of Material Process and Technology, vol. 205(1-3), 2008, pp. 489 - 496.
[7] R.R. Menezes, P.M. Souto and R.H.G.A Kiminami, "Microwave hybrid fast sintering of porcelain bodies," Journal of Material Process and Technology, vol. 190 (1-3), 2007, pp. 223 - 229.
[8] M. Saito and R.B. Anderson, "The activity of several molybdenum compounds for methanation of CO," Journal of Catalyst, vol. 63 (2), 1980, pp. 438 - 446.
[9] L. Volpe and M. Boudart, "Compounds of molybdenum and tungsten with high specific surface area: Carbides," Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol.59 (3), 1985, pp. 348 - 356.
[10] T.C. Xiao, A.P.E. York, H. Al-Megren, A. Hanif, X.Y. Zhou and M.L.H. Green, "Preparation and characterisation of bimetallic cobalt and molybdenum carbides," Journal of Catalyst, vol. 202, 2001, pp. 100 - 109.
[11] Q. Zhu, Q. Chen, X. Yang and D. Ke, "A new method for synthesis of molybdenum carbide," Material Letter, vol. 61, 2007, pp. 5173 - 5174.
[12] K.S. Suslick, M. Fang and T. Hyeon, "Nanostructured molybdenum carbide: sonochemical synthesis and catalytic properties," Journal American Chemical Society, vol. 118, 1996, pp. 5492 -5493.
[13] S. Li, J.S. Lee, T. Hyeon and K.S. Suslick, "Catalytic hydrogenation of indole over molybdenum nitride and carbides with different structures," Applied Catalyst A: General, vol. 184, 1999, pp. 1 - 9.
[14] C. Liang, M. Piang, C. Li, L. Ding, J. Zhang, D. Su and W. Li, "Microwave-assisted preparation of Mo2C/CNTs nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalyst supports for oxygen reduction reaction," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 49, 20104, pp. 169 - 174.
[15] A.R. Yacob and M.K.A.A Mustajab, "Preparation of molybdenum carbide via Microwave Induced Alloying," Jurnal Teknologi (Sains & Kej), vol. 57(1), 2012, pp. 155 - 162.
[16] C. Liang, P. Ying, and C. Li, "Nanostructured β-Mo2C prepared by carbothermal hydrogen reduction on ultrahigh surface area carbon material, Chemistry of Materials, vol. 14, 2002, pp. 3148 - 3151.
[17] Y. Li, G. Luoa, Y. Fan and Y. Chen, "A novel route to the synthesis of nanosized metallic molybdenum at moderate temperature and its catalytic properties," Material Research Bulletin vol.39, 2004, pp. 195 - 203.
[18] H.H. Nersisyan, J.H. Lee and C.W. Won, "The synthesis of nanostructured molybdenum under self-propagating high temperature synthesis mode," Material Chemistry and Physics, vol. 394, 2005, pp. 283 - 288.
[19] K. Manukyan, D.H. Davtyan, J. Bossert and S.L. Kharatyan, "Direct reduction of ammonium molybdate to elemental molybdenum by combustion reaction," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol.168, 2011, pp. 925 - 930
[20] K, Manukyan, S. Aydinyan, A. Aghajanyan, Y. Grigoryan, O. Niazyan and S. Kharatyan, "Reaction pathway in the MoO3 + Mg +C reactive mixtures," International Journal Refractory Metal and Hard Material Material, vol. 31, 2012, pp. 28 - 32.
[21] D. Davytan, K. Manukyan, R. Mnatsakanyan and S. Kharatyan, "Reduction of MoO3 by Zn: reducer migration phenomena, International Journal Refractory Metal and Hard Material Material, vol. 28(5), 2010, pp. 601 - 604.
[22] S.V. Aydinyan, Z. Gumruyan, K. Manukyan and S.L. Kharatyan, "Selfsustaining reduction of MoO3 by the Mg-C mixture." Material Science and Engineering B, vol. 172, 2010, pp. 267 - 271..
[23] S. Chaudhury, S.K Mukerjee, V.N Vaidya and V. Venugupal, "Kinetics and mechanism of carbothermic reduction of MoO3 to Mo2C," Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 261, 1997, pp. 105 - 113.