Somatic Embryogenesis for Agropyron cristatum on Murashige and Skoog Medium

Authors: Masoume Amirkhani, Kambiz Mashayekhi, Maurizio Lambardi

Abstract:

Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn. is a native grass of semiarid region in Iran which is quit resistant to cool and drought climate and withstand heavy grazing. This species has close phylogenetic relationship with Triticum and Hordeum. In this research, the effect of seven different concentrations of growth regulator 2,4-D on callus production and somatic embryogenesis of A. cristatum was investigated on Murashige and Skoog medium. The results showed that the rate of callus, embryo and neomorph were highest in 1 mg L-1 2,4-D. Callus production was increased in 1 mg L-1 2,4-D but dramatically decreased at 5.5 and 9 mg L-1 2,4-D. The somatic embryos were observed at 1 and 4 mg L-1 2,4-D but matured embryos and plantlet were only occurred at 1 mg L-1 2,4-D. There were significant differences between 1 mg L-1 2,4-D and other treatments for producing globular and torpedo embryos, plantlet, rooted callus and number of roots (p<0.05) and there was not any callus production and embryogenesis in control treatment without growth regulator.

Keywords: 2, 4-D, callus production, somatic embryogenesis, Agropyron cristatum.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1083639

References:

[1] Arunyanart, S., Chaitrayagun, M. (2005). Induction of somatic embryogenesis in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Geartn.). Scientia Hortic, 105: 411-420.
[2] S., Smith, R.H. (1990). Regeneration in cereal tissue culture: a review. Crop Sci.30:1328-1336.
[3] Bor, N.L. (1970). Gramineae, Tribus VII. Triticeae Dumort. P. 147-244. In K.H. Rechinger(ed.) Flora Iranica, Vol. 70 Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria.
[4] Dillman, A.C. 1946. The beginnings of crested wheatgrass in North America. J of the American Society of Agronomy, 38(3): 237-250.
[5] Grando, F.M., Franklin, C.I., Shatters Jr R.G. (2002). Optimizing embryogenic callus production and plant regeneration from ÔÇÿTifton 9- Bahia grass seed explants for genetic manipulation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 71:213-222.
[6] Gupta, S., Khanna, V.K., Singh, R., Garg, C.K. (2006). Strategies for overcoming genotypic limitations of in vitro regeneration and determination of genetic components of variability of plant regeneration traits in sorghum. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 86:379- 388.
[7] Li, R., Bruneau, A. H., R. Qu. (2006). Improved plant regeneration and in vitro somatic embryogenesis of St Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kunze). Plant Breed. 125:52-56.
[8] Previati, A., Benelli, C., Da Re, F., Ozudogru, A., Lambardi, M. (2008). Micropropagation and in vitro conservation of virus-free rose germplasm. Prop Ornam Plants, 8(2): 93-98.
[9] Skirvin, R.M., Norton, M., McPheteers, K.D. (1993). Somaclonal variation: has it proved useful for plant improvement? Acta Hortic. 336: 333-340.
[10] Vasil, I.K. (1983). Regeneration of plants from single cells of cereals grasses. In: Lurquin, P.F., Kleinhofs, A. (Eds.), Genetic Engineering in Eukaryotes. Plenum, NY, pp. 233-252.