Real-Time Visualization Using GPU-Accelerated Filtering of LiDAR Data
Authors: Sašo Pečnik, Borut Žalik
Abstract:
This paper presents a real-time visualization technique and filtering of classified LiDAR point clouds. The visualization is capable of displaying filtered information organized in layers by the classification attribute saved within LiDAR datasets. We explain the used data structure and data management, which enables real-time presentation of layered LiDAR data. Real-time visualization is achieved with LOD optimization based on the distance from the observer without loss of quality. The filtering process is done in two steps and is entirely executed on the GPU and implemented using programmable shaders.
Keywords: Filtering, graphics, level-of-details, LiDAR, realtime visualization.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1096998
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2550References:
[1] R. A. White, B. C. Dietterick, T. Mastin, and R. Strohman, “Forest Roads Mapped Using LiDAR in Steep Forested Terrain,” Remote Sensing, vol. 2. pp. 1120–1141, 2010.
[2] D. Mongus and B. Žalik, “Parameter-free ground filtering of LiDAR data for automatic DTM generation,” ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 67, pp. 1–12, Jan. 2012.
[3] N. R. Vaughn, L. M. Moskal, and E. C. Turnblom, “Tree Species Detection Accuracies Using Discrete Point Lidar and Airborne Waveform Lidar,” Remote Sensing, vol. 4. pp. 377–403, 2012.
[4] A. Wehr and U. Lohr, “Airborne laser scanning—an introduction and overview,” ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., vol. 54, no. 2–3, pp. 68–82, Jul. 1999.
[5] J. H. Clark, “Hierarchical geometric models for visible surface algorithms,” Commun. ACM, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 547–554, 1976.
[6] B. J. Schachter, “Computer Image Generation for Flight Simulation,” Comput. Graph. Appl. IEEE, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 29–68, 1981.
[7] M. Garland and P. Heckbert, “Simplification using Quadric Error Metrics,” in Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, 1997, pp. 209–216.
[8] R. Klein, G. Liebich, and W. Strasser, “Mesh reduction with error control,” in Proceedings of Visualization ’96., 1996, pp. 311–318.
[9] C. Erikson, D. Manocha, and W. V Baxter III, “HLODs for faster display of large static and dynamic environments,” in Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics, 2001, pp. 111–120.
[10] J. Cohen, A. Varshney, D. Manocha, G. Turk, H. Weber, P. Agarwal, F. Brooks, and W. Wright, “Simplification envelopes,” in Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, 1996, pp. 119–128.
[11] J. S. Falby, M. J. Zyda, D. R. Pratt, and R. L. Mackey, “NPSNET: Hierarchical data structures for real-time three-dimensional visual simulation,” Comput. Graph., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 65–69, Jan. 1993.
[12] M. Levoy and T. Whitted, “The Use of Points as a Display Primitive,” in Technical Report TR 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
[13] S. Pečnik, D. Mongus, and B. Žalik, “Evaluation of Optimized Visualization of LiDAR Point Clouds, Based on Visual Perception,” in Human-Computer Interaction and Knowledge Discovery in Complex, Unstructured, Big Data SE - 35, vol. 7947, A. Holzinger and G. Pasi, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013, pp. 366–385.
[14] B. Kovač and B. Žalik, “Visualization of LIDAR datasets using pointbased rendering technique,” Comput. Geosci., vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1443– 1450, Nov. 2010.
[15] M. Kuder and B. Žalik, “Web-Based LiDAR Visualization with Point- Based Rendering,” in 2011 Seventh International Conference on Signal Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems, 2011, pp. 38–45.
[16] A. Samberg, “An Implemetation of the ASPRS LAS Standard,” Proc. ISPRS Work. “Laser Scanning 2007 SilviLaser 2007,” vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 363–372, 2007.
[17] A. R. Brodtkorb, T. R. Hagen, and M. L. Sætra, “Graphics processing unit (GPU) programming strategies and trends in GPU computing,” J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 4–13, 2013.
[18] American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS), “LAS specification version 1.3,” The American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 2009. (Online). Available: www.asprs.org. (Accessed: 28-Jul-2014).