Application of Digital Image Correlation Technique on Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process and Performance Evaluation of the Produced Materials
Authors: Dingding Chen, Kazuo Arakawa, Masakazu Uchino, Changheng Xu
Abstract:
Vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) is a promising manufacture process for making large and complex fiber reinforced composite structures. However, the complexity of the flow of the resin in the infusion stage usually leads to nonuniform property distribution of the produced composite part. In order to control the flow of the resin, the situation of flow should be mastered. For the safety of the usage of the produced composite in practice, the understanding of the property distribution is essential. In this paper, we did some trials on monitoring the resin infusion stage and evaluation for the fiber volume fraction distribution of the VARTM produced composite using the digital image correlation methods. The results showthat3D-DIC is valid on monitoring the resin infusion stage and it is possible to use 2D-DIC to estimate the distribution of the fiber volume fraction on a FRP plate.
Keywords: Digital image correlation, VARTM, FRP, fiber volume fraction.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1336935
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2444References:
[1] Takeda F, Nishiyama S, Hayashi K, Komori Y, Suga Y, Asahara N. Research in the application of the VaRTM technique to the fabrication of primary aircraft composite structures. Tech Rev Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. 2005;42(5):1-6.
[2] Bender D, Schuster J, Heider D. Flow rate control during vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) processing. Composites Science and Technology. 2006;66(13):2265-2271.
[3] Johnson RJ, Pitchumani R. Enhancement of flow in VARTM using localized induction heating. Composites Science and Technology. 2003; 63(15):2201-2215.
[4] Johnson RJ, Pitchumani R. Flow control using localized induction heating in a VARTM process. Composites Science and Technology. 2007; 67(3-4):669-684.
[5] Alms JB, Glancey JL, Advani SG. Mechanical properties of composite structures fabricated with the vacuum induced preform relaxation process. Composite Structures. 2010;92(12):2811-2816.
[6] Nalla AR, Fuqua M, Glancey J, Lelievre B. A multi-segment injection line and real-time adaptive, model-based controller for vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2007;38(3):1058-1069.
[7] Kedari VR, Farah BI, Hsiao K-T. Effects of vacuum pressure, inlet pressure, and mold temperature on the void content, volume fraction of polyester/e-glass fiber composites manufactured with VARTM process. Journal of Composite Materials. 2011;45(26):2727-2742.
[8] Correia NC, Robitaille F, Long AC, Rudd CD, Šimáček P, Advani SG. Analysis of the vacuum infusion moulding process: I. Analytical formulation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2005; 36(12):1645-1656.
[9] Simacek P, Advani SG. Modeling resin flow and fiber tow saturation induced by distribution media collapse in VARTM. Composites Science and Technology. 2007;67(13):2757-2769.
[10] Simacek P, Heider D, Gillespie Jr JW, Advani S. Post-filling flow in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding processes: Theoretical analysis. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2009; 40(6–7):913-924.
[11] Simacek P, Eksik Ö, Heider D, Gillespie Jr JW, Advani S. Experimental validation of post-filling flow in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding processes. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2012; 43(3):370-380.
[12] Govignon Q, Bickerton S, Kelly PA. Simulation of the reinforcement compaction and resin flow during the complete resin infusion process. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2010; 41(1):45-57.
[13] Govignon Q, Bickerton S, Morris J, Kelly PA. Full field monitoring of the resin flow and laminate properties during the resin infusion process. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2008; 39(9):1412-1426.
[14] Govignon Q, Bickerton S, Kelly P. Experimental investigation into the post-filling stage of the resin infusion process. Journal of Composite Materials. 2013;47(12):1479-1492.
[15] ASTM Standard D3171, "Standard Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
[16] ASTM Standard D3529M, "Standard Test Method for Matrix Solids Content and Matrix Content of Composite Prepreg", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.
[17] ASTM Standard D2584, "Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
[18] Sutton M, McNeill S, Helm J, Chao Y. Advances in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Computer Vision. In: Rastogi P, editor. Photomechanics, vol. 77: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2000. p. 323-372.
[19] Uchino M. Sub-micron displacement measurement using a digital image correlation method. ATEM, Nagoya, Japan: The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers; 2003. p. No.03-207.
[20] Uchino M, Yamaguchi T. 3-Dimensional Deformation Measurement Using Digital Image Correlation Method. JSEM 2006 Annual Conference on Experimental Mechanics, vol. 6 Kasugai, Japan: The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics; 2006. p. 77-80.
[21] Uchino M, Yamaguchi T. 3D deformation Measurement using Digital Image Correlation Method. the 2005 Annual Meeting of the JSME/MMD, vol. 5 Fukuoka, Japan: The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers; 2005. p. 357-358.
[22] Yenilmez B, Sozer EM. Compaction of e-glass fabric preforms in the Vacuum Infusion Process, A: Characterization experiments. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2009;40(4):499-510.
[23] Yenilmez B, Sozer EM. Compaction of e-glass fabric preforms in the vacuum infusion process: (a) use of characterization database in a model and (b) experiments. Journal of Composite Materials. 2013; 47(16):1959-1975.
[24] Yang JS, Xiao JY, Zeng JC, Jiang DZ, Peng CY. Compaction Behavior and Part Thickness Variation in Vacuum Infusion Molding Process. Appl Compos Mater. 2012;19(3-4):443-458.
[25] Chen D, Arakawa K. Flexural Properties of VARTM Manufactured CFRP Plate. 9th International Conference on Fracture & Strength of Solids Jeju2013. p. 116.