Evaluation of Stormwater Quantity and Quality Control through Constructed Mini Wet Pond: A Case Study

Authors: Y. S. Liew, K. A. Puteh Ariffin, M. A. Mohd Nor

Abstract:

One of the Best Management Practices (BMPs) promoted in Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) published by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) in 2001 is through the construction of wet ponds in new development projects for water quantity and quality control. Therefore, this paper aims to demonstrate a case study on evaluation of a constructed mini wet pond located at Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Seksyen 2, Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia in both stormwater quantity and quality aspect particularly to reduce the peak discharge by temporary storing and gradual release of stormwater runoff from an outlet structure or other release mechanism. The evaluation technique will be using InfoWorks Collection System (CS) as the numerical modeling approach for water quantity aspect. Statistical test by comparing the correlation coefficient (R²), mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the model in simulating the peak discharge changes. Results demonstrated that there will be a reduction in peak flow at 11 % to 15% and time to peak flow is slower by 5 minutes through a wet pond. For water quality aspect, a survey on biological indicator of water quality carried out depicts that the pond is within the range of rather clean to clean water with the score of 5.3. This study indicates that a constructed wet pond with wetland facilities is able to help in managing water quantity and stormwater generated pollution at source, towards achieving ecologically sustainable development in urban areas.

Keywords: Wet pond, Retention Facilities, Best Management Practices (BMP), Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA).

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1336028

References:

[1] R. Hassan, "Holistic Approach to Urban Storm-Water Pollution Management”, Buletin Ingenieur, vol. 23, pp. 13-18, 2004.
[2] R. Yong and M. N. Md Nasir, "Stormwater Management- Manual Saliran Mesra Alam”, Buletin Ingenieur, vol. 24, pp. 48-52, 2004.
[3] Z. Raja Zainal Abidin, "Water Resources Management in Malaysia-The Way Forward”, Buletin Ingenieur, vol. 22, pp. 8-10, 2004.
[4] Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, 2001.
[5] Zakaria, N. A., Ab Ghani, A., Abdullah, R. Mohd. Sidek, L. and Ainan, A., "Bio-ecological drainage system (BIOECODS) for water quantity and quality control”, International Journal River Basin Management, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1-15, 2003.
[6] V, Koester, The Ramsar Convention on The Conservation of Wetlands: A Legal Analysis of the Adoption and Implementation of the Convention in Denmark, Glande, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Bureau, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, pp. 2, 1989.
[7] D. Butler and J.W. Davies, Urban Drainage, London: E & FN Spon, pp. 426-435, 2000.
[8] Northern Virginia Planning District Commission and Engineers and Surveyors Institute, Northern Virginia BMP Handbook: A Guide to Planning and Designing Best Management Practices in Northern Virginia. Annandale, Virginia: Northern Virginia Planning District Commission, pp. 5-8 – 5-16, 1996.
[9] P. K. Sen and A. Gieske, "Use of GIS and remote sensing in identifying recharge zones in an arid catchment: a case study of Roxo River Basin, Portugal”, Journal of Nepal Geological Society, vol. 31, pp. 25-32, 2005,
[10] T. A. Howell and S. R. Evett, The Penman-Monteith Method, Bushland, Texas: USDA-Agricultural Research Service Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, 2004.
[11] Wallingford Software, InfoWorks CS (Collection Systems)-Technical Review, UK: Walingford Software Ltd, 2008.
[12] N., Wangwongwiroj, F, Schlutter and O. Mark, "Principles and practical aspects of an automatic calibration procedure for urban rainfall-runoff models”, Urban Water Journal, vol. 1 (3), pp. 199-208, 2004.
[13] H. Methods, G. Dyhouse, J. Hatchett and J. Benn, Floodplain Modeling Using HEC-RAS. Waterbury, USA: Haestad Press, pp. 111-159, 297-301, 2003.
[14] Department of Drainage and Irrigation. A guide to Freshwater Invertebrates of Ponds & Streams in Malaysia, Department of Drainage and Irrigation and Green World Foundation, 2006.
[15] S. P. Hosmani, "Biological Indicators of Water Quality”, In presentation: Lake2002, Satish Dhawan Auditorium (CSIC Auditorium), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Campus, Bangalore, December 9 - 13, 2002
[16] Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, River Water Quality Indicator for Sustainable Development - 2009 Annual Results, United Kingdom: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 2010.
[17] Project WET Foundation, Healthy Water, Healthy People Educators Guide: Water Quality Indicators: Biological, Chemical and Physical Parameters, 2011.
[18] S. Y. Jung, M. C, J. Y. Yoon, Y. N. Yoon, S. D. Kim, G. H., Kim, L. Y. Kim and Aksoy, H. "Using SWMM as a tool for hydrologic impact assessment”. Desalination, vol. 212, pp. 344-356, 2007.
[19] B. Ahmad Nasir, Peak Flow Attenuation Using Dry Pond for Existing Housing Schemes. Master Thesis, University Sains Malaysia, 2008.
[20] Y. S. Liew, Z. Selamat, A. Ab. Ghani and N. A. Zakaria, "Performance of a dry detention pond: case study of Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia”, Urban Water Journal, vol. 9 (2), pp. 129-136, 2012.