Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32759
Synergy in Vertical Transformations of Expert Designers

Authors: G. Haupt

Abstract:

Existing literature ondesign reasoning seems to give either one sided accounts on expert design behaviour based on internal processing. In the same way ecological theoriesseem to focus one sidedly on external elementsthat result in a lack of unifying design cognition theory. Although current extended design cognition studies acknowledge the intellectual interaction between internal and external resources, there still seems to be insufficient understanding of the complexities involved in such interactive processes. As such,this paper proposes a novelmulti-directional model for design researchers tomap the complex and dynamic conduct controlling behaviour in which both the computational and ecological perspectives are integrated in a vertical manner. A clear distinction between identified intentional and emerging physical drivers, and relationships between them during the early phases of experts- design process, is demonstrated by presenting a case study in which the model was employed.

Keywords: External representation, early phases, extended design cognition, internal processes and external drivers, conduct controlling behaviour.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1332882

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1192

References:


[1] R. Arnheim, "Sketching and the psychology of design," Design Issues, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 15-19, 1993.
[2] J.H Larkin and H.A. Simon, "Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth ten thousand words,"Cognitive Science, vol. 11, pp. 65-99, 1987.
[3] K.A. Ericsson, and A.C. Lehmann, "Expert and exceptional performance: Evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints," Annual Review Psychology, vol. 47, pp. 273-305,1996.
[4] A. Newell, and H.A. Simon, Human Problem Solving, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972, ch. 2.
[5] D. Kirsh, "Problem solving and situation cognition," in The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition, P. Robbins and M. Aydede, Eds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
[6] N. Goodman, Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols., Indianapolis: Hackett, 2nd ed, 1976.
[7] L.A. Liikkanen, "Exploring Problem Decomposition in Conceptual Design Among Novice Designers," Design Studies, vol. 30, no.1, p. 38 - 59, Jan. 2009.
[8] V. Goel, Sketches of Thought, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995, ch. 3.
[9] M.R. Dillon, "Dynamic design: Cognitive processes in design sketching," Indiana Undergraduate Journal of Cognitive Science, no. 5, pp. 28-43, 2010.
[10] G. Haupt, "The cognitive dynamics of socio-technological thinking in the early phases of expert designers- design process," in Faculty of Education, Pretoria: University of Pretoria, 2013. A. Basden, "A Philosophical Underpinning for ISD," inProc. 10th European Conference on Information Systems, Information Systems and the Future of the DigitalEconomy, Gdansk, Poland, 2002, pp. 68 - 78.
[11] Basden, A. 2000. The Aspectual Framework of Meaning. http://www.dooy.salford.ac.uk/contact.html
[12] G. Goldschmidt, "The dialectics of sketching," Creativity Research Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 123 - 143, 1991.
[13] M.J. Suwa, Gero, and T. Purcell. "The Roles of Sketches in Early Conceptual Design Processes," in Proc.20th Annu. Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998.
[14] I. Shani, "Making it mental: In search for the golden mean of the extended cognition controversy," Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, submitted for publication.
[15] A. Clark, "Language, Embodiment, and the Cognitive Niche," Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.1, no. 8, pp. 370 - 375, 2006.
[16] N. Cross, "Creativity in design: analyzing and modelling the creative leap,"Dig.Leonardo, vol. 30, no.4, pp. 311 - 317, 1997.
[17] M.H. Kim, Y.S. Kim, H.S. Lee, and J.A. Park, "An Underlying Cognitive Aspect of Design Creativity: Limited Commitment Mode Control Strategy,"Design Studies, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 585 - 604, Nov. 2007.
[18] V. Goel, and P. Pirolli, "The structure of design problem spaces," Cognitive Science, vol. 16, no 3, pp. 395 - 429, Jul. 1992.
[19] L.A Liikkanen, "Design cognition for conceptual design, in School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture," University of Aalto: Espoo, Finland, 2010.
[20] M. Suwa, and B. Tversky, "How do designers shift their focus of attention in their own sketches?" in Reasoning with Diagrammatic Representations: AAAI SpringSymposium, 1997, pp. 102-108.
[21] B. Lawson, and K. Dorst, Design Expertise, Oxford: Architectural Press, 2009, ch 3.
[22] M. Suwa, T. Purcell, and J. Gero, "Macroscopic Analysis of Design Processes Based on a Scheme for Coding Designers' Cognitive Actions," Design Studies, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 455-483, Oct. 1998.
[23] G.C. Van Orden and J.G. Holden, "Intentional Contents and Self- Control," Ecological Psychology, vol. 14, no. 1/2, pp. 87 - 109, 2002.
[24] K.A. Ericsson, "The search for general abilities and basic capacities. Theoretical implications from the modifiability and complexity of mechanisms mediating expert performance," in R.J. Sternberg and E.L. Grigorenko, The Psychology of Abilities, Compentencies and Expertise, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 93 - 125, 2003.
[25] S. Dewitte, T. Verguts and W. Lens, "Implementation Intentions Do Not Enhance All Types of Goals: The Moderating Role of Goal Difficulty,"Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Society, vol. 22, no.1, pp. 73 - 89, Spring 2003.
[26] M. Suwa, and B. Tversky. "What Architects See in their Design Sketches," Design Studies, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 385, 1996.