Assessment of Photodynamic Therapy for Staphylococcus Aureus Infected Wounds using Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometry

Authors: M.A. Calin, D. Voicu, M.R. Calin, D. Savastru, D. Manea

Abstract:

In this paper we evaluated the efficacy of photodynamic treatment of infected wounds on pig animal model by diffuse reflectance spectrometry. The study was conducted on fifteen wounds contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that were incubated for 30 min with methylene blue solution (c = 3.3 x 10-3 M) and exposed to laser radiations (λ = 670 nm, P = 15 mW) for 15 min. The efficiency of photodynamic inactivation of bacteria was evaluated by microbiological exams and diffuse reflectance spectrometry. The results of the microbiological exams showed that the bacterial concentration has decreased from 6.93±0.138 logCFU/ml to 3.12±0.108 logCFU/ml. The spectral examination showed that the diffuse reflectance of wounds contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus has decreased from 5.06±0.036 % to 3.36±0.025 %. In conclusion, photodynamic therapy is an effective method for the treatment of infected wounds and there is a correlation between the CFU count and diffuse reflectance.

Keywords: photodynamic inactivation, bacteria, pigs, wounds

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1062598

References:

[1] G. Jori, S.B. Brown, "Photosensitized inactivation of microorganisms," Photochem Photobiol Sci vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 403-405, 2004.
[2] H.M. Tang, M.R. Hamblin, C.M. Yow. "A comparative in vitro photoinactivation study of clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant pathogens,", J. Infect Chemother., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 87-91, 2007
[3] A. Segalla, C.D. Borsarelli, S.E. Braslavsky, "et al. Photophysical, photochemical and antibacterial photosensitizing properties of a novel octacationic Zn(II)-phthalocyanine," Photochem Photobiol Sci. vol. 1, pp. 641-648, 2002.
[4] P.T.C. Carvalho, A.P.C. Marques, F.A. Reis, "et al. Photodynamic inactivation of in vitro bacterial cultures from pressure ulcers," Acta Cir Bras, vol. 21, pp. 32-35, 2006.
[5] K.I. Hajim, D.S. Salih, Y.Z. Rassam, "Laser light combined with a photosensitizer may eliminate methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus," Lasers Med Sc, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 743-748, 2010.
[6] M. Sharma , L. Visai, F. Bragheri, "et al. Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Effects on Staphylococcal Biofilms," Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol. 52, pp. 299-305, 2008.
[7] Y. Nitzan, B. Shainberg, Z.Malik, "The mechanism of photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by deuteroporphyrin," Curr Microbiol , vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 265-269, 1989.
[8] Y. Nitzan, S. Gozhansky, Z. Malik, "Effect of photoactivated hematoporphyrin derivative on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus," Curr Microbiol, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 279-284, 1985.
[9] M. Sharma, H. Bansal, P.K. Gupta, "Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cells Surviving Photodynamic Treatment with Toluidine Blue," Curr Microbiol, vol. 50, pp. 277-280, 2005.
[10] S. Tubby, M. Wilson, S.P. Nair, "Inactivation of staphylococcal virulence factors using a light-activated antimicrobial agent," BMC Microbiology, vol. 9, no. 211, pp. 211, 2009.
[11] M.R. Hamblin, D.A. O-Donnell, N. Murthy, "et al. Rapid control of wound infections by targeted photodynamic therapy monitored by in vivo bioluminescence imaging," Photochem Photobiol. vol. 75, pp. 51-57, 2002.
[12] M.R. Hamblin, T. Zahra, C.H. Contag, "et al. Optical monitoring and treatment of potentially lethal wound infections in vivo," J Infect Dis, vol. 187, pp. 1717-1726, 2003.
[13] O. Simonetti, O. Cirioni, F. Orlando, "et al. Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with a single treatment of RLP068/Cl in an experimental model of Staphylococcus aureus wound infection," Br J Dermatol, vol. 164, pp. 987-995, 2011.
[14] R.F. Donnelly, C.M. Cassidy, R.G. Loughlin, "et al. Delivery of Methylene Blue and meso-tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetra tosylate from cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels: A potential means of photodynamic therapy of infected wounds," J Photochem Photobiol B-Biology, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 223-231, 2009.
[15] S.A.G. Lambrechts SAG, T.N. Demidova, M.C.G. Aalders, "et al. Photodynamic therapy for Staphylococcus aureus infected burn wounds in mice. Photochem.," Photobiol. Sci, vol. 4, pp. 503-509, 2005.
[16] X. Ragas, D. Sanchez-Garcia, R. Ruiz-Gonzalez, "et al. Cationic Porphycenes as Potential Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, J Med Chem, vol. 53, no. 21, pp. 7796 -7803, 2010.
[17] V. Garcia, M. Lima, T. Okamoto, "et al. Effect of photodynamic therapy on the healing of cutaneous third-degree-burn: histological study in rats," Lasers Med Sc, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 221-228, 2010.
[18] M.A. Calin, R.M. Ion, "Optical method for monitoring of photodynamic inactivation of bacteria", J Biol Phys, vol. 37, pp. 107- 116, 2011.
[19] K. O-Riordan, O.E. Akilov, T. Hasan, "The Potential for Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Localized Infections," Photodiag Photodyn Ther, vol. 2, pp. 247-262., 2005.
[20] T.J. Maisch, "Anti-microbial Photodynamic Therapy: Useful in the Future?" Lasers Med Sci, vol. 22, pp. 83-91, 2007.