Groundwater Quality Improvement by Using Aeration and Filtration Methods

Authors: Nik N. Nik Daud, Nur H. Izehar, B. Yusuf, Thamer A. Mohamed, A. Ahsan

Abstract:

An experiment was conducted using two aeration methods (water-into-air and air-into-water) and followed by filtration processes using manganese greensand material. The properties of groundwater such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and heavy metal concentration (iron and manganese) will be assessed. The objectives of this study are i) to determine the effective aeration method and ii) to assess the effectiveness of manganese greensand as filter media in removing iron and manganese concentration in groundwater. Results showed that final pH for all samples after treatment are in range from 7.40 and 8.40. Both aeration methods increased the dissolved oxygen content. Final turbidity for groundwater samples are between 3 NTU to 29 NTU. Only three out of eight samples achieved iron concentration of 0.3mg/L and less and all samples reach manganese concentration of 0.1mg/L and less. Air-into-water aeration method gives higher percentage of iron and manganese removal compare to water-into-air method.

Keywords: Aeration, filtration, groundwater, water quality.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1057137

References:

[1] F. Edson, David, "In-Ground removal of iron and manganese from well water" in Annual Meeting - International Water Conference Official Proceedings - The International Water Conference 46th Annual Meeting. 1985. Pages 518-524; Pittsburgh, PA.
[2] Y. H. Zhao, Y. F. Li, W. B. Zhang, C. N. Zhang, J. X. Fu , and Y. N. Gao, "Influence of ammonia nitrogen on treatment of groundwater containing iron and manganese in aeration-contact oxidation filtration process" in Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2012. Volumes 170 - 173, page 2414-2418.
[3] F. Piao, Y. Li and W. Zhang, "Influence on removal iron and manganese from groundwater with micropollutants in International Conference Multimedia Technology (ICMT), 2011.
[4] J. Kaleta, A. Puszkarewicz, and D. Papciak, "Removal of iron, manganese and nitrogen compounds from underground waters with diverse physical and chemical characteristics" in Environment Protection Engineering. 2007. Volume 33, Issue 3, Pages 5-13.
[5] N. Aral, "Aeration and slow sand filtration in small systems" in Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Environmental Science and Engineering. 1993. Volume 28, Issue 6, Pages 1249-1260.
[6] J. Cheng, R. Liu, Y. Li and L. Chen " MF for treatment of iron contaminated underground water and fouling countermeasures" in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, (iCBBE) 2011 5th International Conference on 2011 Page(s): 1 - 4.
[7] L. V. Serikov, E. A. Tropina, L. N. Shiyan, F. H. Frimmel, G. Metreveli and M. Delay, "Iron oxidation in different types of groundwater of Western Siberia" in Journal of Soils and Sediments 2009. Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 103-110.
[8] R. Munter, P. Overbeck and J. Sutt, "Which is the best oxidant for complexed iron removal from groundwater: The Kogalym case" in Ozone: Science and Engineering. 2008. Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 73-80.
[9] S. J. Sim, C. D. Kang, J. W. Lee, and W. S. Kim, "Treatment of highly polluted groundwater by novel iron removal process" in Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 2001. Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 25-38.
[10] J. K. Piispanen and J. T. Sallanko, "Mn(II) removal from groundwater with manganese oxide-coated filter media" in Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 2010. Volume 45, Issue 13, Pages 1732- 1740.
[11] J. He, K. Yang, M. Dougherty, C. Li, and Y. Wan, "Removal of manganese from surface water with oxidants in supplement to natural manganese Sand in Sinopec Shanghai Ltd." in Desalination and Water Treatment. 2009. Volume 11, Issue 1-3, Pages 245-257.
[12] S. J. Duranceau, and V. M. Trupiano, "Evaluation of oxidized media filtration for removing sulfides from groundwater" in Desalination and Water Treatment. 2011. Volume 28, Issue 1-3, Pages 366-377.
[13] Y. Tang, J. He, X. Ma, K. You, R. Zhang, W. Wu, J. Fu, and H. Zhao, "Simultaneous biological removal of iron, manganese and ammonium nitrogen in simulated groundwater using biological aerated filter" in 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2010, Chengdu.
[14] G. Xue, P. Gao, and Q.-J. Gong, "Removing iron and manganese simultaneously from groundwater using one-stage biological filter" in Journal of Donghua University (English Edition). 2009. Volume 26, Issue 3, Pages 247-251.
[15] W.W.J.M. De Vet, L. C. Rietveld, S.G.J. Heijman, M.R. De Rooij, and M.C.M. Van Loosdrecht, "Interaction of iron, manganese and ammonium removal in biofilters for drinking water production" in American Water Works Association - AWWA Inorganic Contaminants Workshop 2008, Albuquerque, Pages 661-673.
[16] D. Li, J. hang, H. Wang, L. Chen, and H. Wang, "Application of biological process to treat the groundwater with high concentration of iron and manganese" in Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA. 2006. Volume 55, Issue 5, Pages 313-320.
[17] S.K. Sharma, B. Petrusevski, and J.C. Schippers, "Biological iron removal from groundwater: A review" in Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA. 2005. Volume 54, Issue 4, Pages 239-247.
[18] K. Olańczuk-Neyman, and R. Bray, "The role of physico-chemical and biological processes in manganese and ammonia nitrogen removal from groundwater" in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2000. Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 91-96.
[19] A. Fadel, and H.A. Fadel, "Slow sand filtration: A simple technology for iron and manganese removal" in American Water Works Association Annual Conference and Exposition 2010.
[20] Jr. Robinson and R. Lloyd "How silica affects iron removal from groundwater" in Water Sewage Works. 1975. Volume 122, Issue 3, Pages 74-77.
[21] C. Wen-Hsiang, H. Yung-Hsu, W. Chih-Chao, W. Meng-Wei, M. F. Cybelle and K. Chi-Chuan, "The on-site feasibility study of iron and manganese removal from groundwater by hollow-fiber microfiltration" in Journal of Water Supply: Research and TechnologyÔÇöAQUA. 2011. Vol 60 No 6 pp 391-401.
[22] Department of Environmental, Malaysia Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia. 2008. Malaysia.
[23] Ministry of Health Malaysia National Standard for Drinking Water Quality. Second version. 2004. Engineering Services Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.