Studying the Effect of Climate Change on the Conditions of Isfahan-s Province Tourism

Authors: A.Gandomkar, F. Khorasanizadeh

Abstract:

Tourism is a phenomenon respected by the human communities since a long time ago. It has been evoloving continually based on a variety of social and economic needs and with respect to increasingly development of communication and considerable increase of tourist-s number and resulted exchange income has attained much out come such as employment for the communities. or the purpose of tourism development in this zone suitable times and locations need to be specified in the zone for the tourist-s attendance. One of the most important needs of the tourists is the knowledge of climate conditions and suitable times for sightseeing. In this survey, the climate trend condition has been identified for attending the tourists in Isfahan province using the modified tourism climate index (TCI) as well as SPSS, GIS, excel, surfer softwares. This index evoluates systematically the climate conditions for tourism affairs and activities using the monthly maximum mean parameters of daily temperature, daily mean temperature, minimum relative humidity, daily mean relative humidity, precipitation (mm), total sunny hours, wind speed and dust. The results obtaind using kendal-s correlation test show that the months January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December are significant and have an increasing trend that indicates the best condition for attending the tourists. S, P, T mean , T max and dust are estimated from 1976-2005 and do kendal-s correlation test again to see which parameter has been effective. Based on the test, we also observed on the effective parameters that the rate of dust in February, March, April, May, June, July, August, October and November is decreasing and precipitation in September and January is increasing and also the radiation rate in May and August is increasing that indicate a better condition of convenience. Maximum temperature in June is also decreasing. Isfahan province has two spring and fall peaks and the best places for tourism are in the north and western areas.

Keywords: Climate, Tourism, Correlation Test, Tourism Climate Index, Isfahan Province

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1055417

References:

[1] B. Amelung , D. Winer, "Mediterranean tourism: Exploring the future with the tourism climatic index", Journal of sustainable tourism, 14, 2006, pp 349-366.
[2] L. Hein, M.J. Metzger and A. Moveno, "Potential impacts of climate change on tourism, a case study for study for spain", Carrent opinion in Environmental sustainability ,Volume 10, 2009, pp 170-178.
[3] A. Bigano, J.M. Hamilton and R.S.J. Tol, "The Impact of Climate Change on Domestic and International Tourism: A Simulation Study", Integrated Assessment Journal, 7 (1), 2007, pp 25-49.
[4] K. Mayor and R.S.J. Tol, "The Impact of the UK Aviation Tax on Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Visitor Numbers", Transport Policy, 14 (6), 2007, pp 407-513.
[5] D. Scott and G. McBoyle, "Using a Tourism Climate Index to examine the implications of climate change for Climate as a Tourism Resource", In International Society of BiometeorologyProceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation, 2001,. ed. A. Matzarakis and C. de Freitas. Retrieved from http://www.mif.unifreiburg. de/isb/ws/report.htm
[6] D. Scott, G. McBoyle and M. Schwartzentruber, "Climate change and the distribution of climatic resources for tourism in North America", Climate Research, 27, 2007, pp 105-117.
[7] M. C. Uyarra, J.A. Gill, R. Tinch, D. Viner and A. R. Watkinson, "Islandspecific preferences of tourists for environmental features: implications of climate change for tourism-dependent states", Environmental Conservation, 32, 2005, pp 11-19.
[8] S. Gössling and P. Peeters, "It does not harm the environment! An analysis of industry discourses on tourism, air travel and the environment", Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15 (4), 2007, pp 402- 417.
[9] United Nation World Tourism Organization, "Tourism highlights 2008" (accessed 12.02.2009).
[10] K. H├©yer,"Sustainable tourism or sustainable mobility? The Norwegian case", Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8 (2), 2008, pp 147-160.
[11] G. Dubois and J.P. Ceron, "Tourism/leisure greenhouse gas emissions forecasts for 2050: factors for change in France", Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14 (2), 2006, pp 172-191.
[12] S. Becken, "Tourists- perception of international air travel-s impact on the global climate and potential climate change policies", Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15 (4), 2007, pp 351 368.
[13] Department for Transport, "Public experiences of and attitudes to air travel", (accessed 28.01.2008).
[14] Department for Transport, "Public experiences of and attitudes to air trave", (accessed 12.02.2009).
[15] I. Lorenzoni and N. F. Pidgeon, "Public views on climate change: European and USA perspectives", Climatic Change, 77, 2006,pp 73-95.
[16] K. Bickerstaff, P. Simmons and N. Pidgeon, "Constructing responsibilities for risk: negotiating citizen-state relationships", Environment and Planning A, 40, 2008, pp 1312-1330.
[17] S. Barr, T. Coles, G. Shaw and J. Prillwitz, "A holiday is a holiday: practicing sustainability, home and away", in: Royal Geographical Society Annual Conference, August 2008, London.