Optimization of Growth Conditions for Acidic Protease Production from Rhizopus oligosporus through Solid State Fermentation of Sunflower Meal

Authors: Abdul Rauf, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Nadeem, Ishtiaq Ahmed, Hafiz Muhammad Nasir Iqbal

Abstract:

Rhizopus oligosporus was used in the present study for the production of protease enzyme under SSF. Sunflower meal was used as by-product of oil industry incorporated with organic salts was employed for the production of protease enzyme. The main purpose of the present was to study different parameters of protease productivity, its yields and to optimize basal fermentation conditions. The optimal conditions found for protease production using sunflower meal as a substrate in the present study were inoculum size (1%), substrate (Sunflower meal), substrate concentration (20 g), pH (3), cultivation period (72 h), incubation temperature (35oC), substrate to diluent-s ratio (1:2) and tween 81 (1 mL). The maximum production of protease in the presence of cheaper substrate at low concentration and stability at acidic pH, these characteristics make the strain and its enzymes useful in different industry.

Keywords: Acidic protease, Rhizopus oligosporus, Mediaoptimization, Solid state Fermentation

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1079814

References:

[1] C. Krishna, "Solid-state fermentation system an over view," Critical Rev Biotechnol., vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 1-30, 2005.
[2] H. S. Joo, and C. S. Chang, "Production of protease from a new alkalophilic Bacillus sp. I-312 grown on soybean meal: optimization and some properties," Proc Biochem., vol. 40, pp. 1263-1270, 2004.
[3] R. Tunga, R. Banerjee, and B. C. Bhattacharyya, "Optimization of some additives to improve protease production under SSF," Indian J Exp Biol., vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 1144-1148, 2001.
[4] M. Papagiani, N. Joshi, and M. M. Young, "Comparative study on extra cellular protease secretion and glucoamylase production by free and immobilized Aspergillus-induced reactive oxygen species improve production from Aspergillus Niger cultivation," J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 259-263, 2002.
[5] S. Sahoo, K. K. Rao, and G. K. Suraishkumar, "Induced reactive oxygen species improve enzyme production from Aspergillus niger cultivation." Biotechnol Lett., vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 821-825, 2003.
[6] H. Ikram, and M. Hamid, "Biosynthesis of protease by Rhizopus Oligosporus IHS13 in low cost medium by solid state fermentation. J Basic Microbiol., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 280-287, 2004.
[7] J. Z. Liu, Y. Y. Huang, L. P. Weng, and L. N. Ji, "Effects of metal ions simultaneous production of glucose oxidase and catalase by Aspergillus Niger," Lett Appl Microbiol., vol. 32, pp. 16-19, 2001.
[8] T. Yokotsuka, "Proteinaceous fermented and condiments prepared with koji molds," In: Hand book of mycology. Eds D. K. Arora, K. G. Mukerji, and E. H. Marth, New York, pp. 329-373, 1991.
[9] C. E. McDonald, and L. L. Chen "Lowry modification of the Folin reagent for determination of proteinase activity," Ann Biochem., vol. 10, pp. 175-186, 1965.
[10] Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dicky DA. Principles and Procedure of Statistics. A biometrical approach. WCB McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York. 1997, pp. 672.
[11] I. U. Haq, H. Mukhtar, and H. Umber, "Production of Protease by Penicillium chrysogenum Through Optimization of Environmental Conditions," J Agri Soc Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 23-25, 2006.
[12] L. Ikasari, and D. A. Mitchell, "Protease production by Rhizopus oligosporus in solid state fermentation." World J Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 10, pp. 320-324, 1994.
[13] A. Sumantha, P. Deepa, C. Sandhya, G. Szakacs, C. R. Soccol, and A. Pandey, "Rice Bran as a Substrate for Proteolytic Enzyme Production," Braz Arch Biol Technol., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 843-851, 2006.
[14] I. Haq, H. Mukhtar, and N. Riaz, "Protease biosynthesis by mutant strain of Penicillium griseoroseum and cheese formation." Pak J Biol Sci., vol. 7, pp. 1473-6, 2004.
[15] I. Ahmed, M. Irfan, M. Nadeem, M. A. Zia, and H. M. N. Iqbal, "Optimization of media and environmental conditions for alkaline protease production using Bacillus subtilis in submerged fermentation process," IJAVMS., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 105-113, 2010.
[16] C. Sandhya, A. Sumantha, G. Szakacs, and A. Pandey, "Comparative evaluation of neutral protease production by Aspergillus oryzae in submerged and solid-state fermentation," Proc Biochem., vol. 40, pp. 2689-2694, 2005.
[17] A. W. Norliza, and C. O. Ibrahim, "The production of Benzaldehyde by Rhizopus oligosporus USM R1 in a Solid State Fermentation (SSF) System of Soy Bean Meal: rice husks," Malaysian J Microbiol., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 17-24, 2005.
[18] R. Paranthaman, K. Alagusundaram, and J. Indhumathi, "Production of Protease from Rice Mill Wastes by Aspergillus niger in Solid State Fermentation," World J Agri Sci., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 308-312, 2009.
[19] C. Djamel, T. Ali, and C. Nelly, (2009). "Acid Protease Production by Isolated Species of Penicillium," European J Scientific Research., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 469-477, 2009.