Incidence of Trihalogenmethanes in Drinking Water
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32799
Incidence of Trihalogenmethanes in Drinking Water

Authors: Frantisek Bozek, Lenka Jesonkova, Jiri Dvorak

Abstract:

Trihalogenmethanes are the most significant byproducts of the reaction of disinfection agent with organic precursors naturally present in ground and surface waters.Their incidence negatively affects the quality of drinking water in relation to their nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and genotoxic effects on human health. Taking into consideration the considerable volatility of monitored contaminants it could be assumed that their incidence in drinking water would depend on the distance of sampling from the area of disinfection. Based on the concentration of trihalogenmethanes determined with the help of gas chromatography with mass detector and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) such dependence has been proved as statistically significant. The acquired outcomes will be used for assessing the non-carcinogenic and genotoxic risks to consumers.

Keywords: disinfection byproducts, drinking water, trihalogenmethanes

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1077417

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1740

References:


[1] Boorman, G. A. et al. Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducs: Review and Approach to Toxicity Evaluation.Environmental Health Perspectives, 1999, 107, pp. 207-217.
[2] Bozek, F., Bozek, M., Dvorak, J.Trihalogenmethanes in Drinking Water and Quantification of Health Risks. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development,2011, 7, (4), pp. 103- 113.
[3] Colman, Joan. Et al. Identification of developmentally toxic drinking water disinfection byproducts and evaluation of data relevant to mode of action. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2011, 254, pp. 100-126.H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New York: Springer- Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[4] ─îSN EN ISO 5667-3. Water Quality-Sampling-Guidance for the Preservation of Samples and Handling. Prague: Agency for Technical Standardization, Metrology and State Quality Control, 2004..
[5] Hamidin, N. et al. Humanhealth risk assessment ofchlorinateddisinfection by-products in drinkingwaterusing a probabilisticapproach. WaterResearch. 2008, 42, pp. 3263-3274.
[6] IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.Volume 73: Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances. Geneva: IARC, Geneva: IARC, 1999, p. 170.
[7] IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.Volume 71: Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide. Geneva: IARC, Geneva: IARC, 1999, pp. 1302, 1311, 1333.
[8] Kř├¡ž, O., Neubauer, J. Sylaby předn├í┼íek ze statistiky. Vy┼íkov: VV┼á PV, 2003.
[9] Larson, J. L., Wolf, D. C., Butterworth, B. E. Acute Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Effects of Chloroform in Male F-344 Rats and Female B6C3F1 Mice.Toxicol. Sci., 1993, 20, (3), pp. 302-315.
[10] Nieuwenhuijsen et al. Chlorination Disinfection Byproducts in Water and Their Association with Adverse Reproductive Outcomes: A Review. Occupational and EnvironmentalMedicine, 2000, 57(2), 73-85.
[11] Nikolaou, A. Haloforms and Related Coumpounds in Drinking Water. 1st Ed. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer- Verlag, 2003, p. 10.
[12] Rook, J. J. FormationofHaloformsDuringChlorination of Natural Waters. WaterTreatment and Examination, 1974, 23(2), 234- 243.
[13] Singer, P. C. ControlofDisinfection By-Products in DrinkingWater. JournalofEnvironmentalEngineering, 1994,120, (4), pp. 727-744.
[14] The Council of the European Union. (CEU). CouncilDirective 98/83/EC on the Quality of WaterIntended orHuman Consumption. Brusels: CEU, 1998.
[15] U.S. EPA. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Database of Toxicological Parameters for Human Health. (online). (2010-03-06). URL: .
[16] U.S.EPA. Drinking Water Contaminants.(online). (2012-01-20). URL:
[17] Whitaker, H. et al. Description of Trihalomethane Levels in Three United Kingdom Water Suppliers. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 2003, 13, (1), pp. 17-23.
[18] WHO. Disinfectants and disinfectant by-products. Geneva: WHO (Environmental Health Criteria 216), 2000.
[19] WHO. GuidelinesforDrinking-WaterQuality. Vol. 1 Recommendations. 1st Addendum to 3rd; Geneva: WHO, 2006.
[20] WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Vol. 4. Trihalomethanes. Switzerland: WHO, 2011