Effect of Strain and Storage Period on Some Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Table Eggs

Authors: Hani N. Hermiz, Sukar H. Ali

Abstract:

This study include the effect of strain and storage period and their interaction on some quantitative and qualitative traits and percentages of the egg components in the eggs collected at the start of production (at age 24 weeks). Eggs were divided into three storage periods (1, 7 and 14) days under refrigerator temperature (5- 7)0C. Fifty seven eggs obtained randomly from each strain including Isa Brown and Lohman White. General Linear Model within SAS programme was used to analyze the collected data and correlations between the studied traits were calculated for each strain.Average egg weight (EW), Haugh Unit (HU), yolk index (YI), yolk % (HP), albumin % (AP) and yolk to albumin ratio (YAR) was 56.629 gm, 87.968 %, 0.493, 22.13%, 67.74% and 32.76 respectively. Egg produced from ISA Brown surpassed those produced by Lohman White significantly (P<0.01) in EW (59.337 vs. 53.921 g) and AP (68.46 vs. 67.02 %), while Lohman White surpassed ISA Brown significantly (P<0.01) in HU (91.998 against 83.939 %), YI (0.498 against 0.487), YP (22.83 against 21.44%) and YAR (34.12 against 31.40). Storage period did not have any significant effect on EW and YI. Increasing the storage period caused a significant (P<0.01) decrease in HU. A non-significant increasing in YP and significant decreasing in AP % due to increasing storage period caused a significant increasing in YAR. The interaction between strain and storage period affect EW, HU and YI significantly (P <0.01), while its effect on YP, AP and YAR was not significant. Highest and significant (P<0.01) correlation was recorded between YP with YAR (0.99) in both strains, while the lowest values were between AP with YAR and being -0.97 and -0.95 in ISA Brown and Lohman White, respectively. The conclusion: increasing storage period caused a few decreasing in egg weight and this enabling the consumer to store eggs without any damage. Because of using the albumin in many food industries, so it is very important to focus on its weight. The correlations between some of the studied traits were significant, which means that selection for any trait will improve other traits.

Keywords: Quality, Quantity, Storage period, Strain, Table egg

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1075863

References:

[1] North, M.O. (1984). Commercial Chicken Production Manual. 3rd Edition. AVI. Publishing Company Inc. West Port. USA.
[2] Decuypere, E.K.T., Bruggeman, V. and Bamelis, F. (2001). The day-old chick: A crucial hinge between breeders and broilers. World's Poult. Sci. J., 57: 127-139.
[3] Scott, T.A. and Silversides, F.G. (2000). The effect of storage and strain of hen on egg quality. Poultry Sci., 79: 1725-1729.
[4] Tumova, E., Zita, L., Hubeny, M., Skrivan, M. and Ledvinka, Z. (2007). The effect of oviposition time and genotype on egg quality characteristics in egg type hens. Czech. J. Anim. Sci., 52: 26-30.
[5] Zita, L., Tůmová, E. and Štolc, L. (2009). Effects of genotype, age and their interaction on egg quality in brown-egg Laying Hens. ACTA VET. BRNO. 78: 85-91; doi: 10. 2754 / avb200978010085.
[6] Hermiz, H.N., Abas, K.A., Al-Khatib, T.R., Amin, Sh.M., Ahmed, A.M., Hamad, D.A. and Denha, H.P. (2012). Effect of strain and storage period on egg quality characteristics of local Iraqi laying hens. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 2(1): 98-101.
[7] Singh, R.P. and Panda, B. (1987). Effect of seasons on physical quality and component yields of eggs. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 57: 50-55.
[8] Haugh, R.R. (1937). The Haugh Unit for Measuring Egg Quality. U.S. Egg Poult. Mag. 43: 522-555, 572-573.
[9] SAS. (2005). SAS/STAT User's Guide for personal computers. Release, 8.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary , NC, USA.
[10] Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple Range and Multiple Test. Biometrics. 11: 1-42.
[11] Al-Nedawi, A.M.Sh. (2006). Genetic evaluation of White Leghorn chicken according to some of egg production traits. Ph.D. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, Iraq. (In Arabic).
[12] Al-Soudi, K.A. and Al-Jebouri, M.A.J. (1979). Productive potential in subtropics climate of native Iraqi chicken compared to White Leghorn, New Hampshire and their cross, World Poultry Sci. J., 32 : 227-235.
[13] Monira, K.N., Salahuddin, M. and Miah, G. (2003). Effect of breed and holding period on egg quality characteristics of chicken. International J. Poult. Sci., 2 (4): 261-263.
[14] Samli, H.E., Agma, A. and Senkoylu, N. (2005). Effects of storage time and temperature on egg quality in old Laying Hens. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 14:548-553.
[15] Silversides, F.G. and Scott, T.A. (2001). Effect of storage and layer age on quality of eggs from two lines of hens. Poultry Sci., 80: 1240-1245.
[16] Cunningham, F.E., Cotterill, O.J. and Funk, E.M. (1960). The effect of season and age of bird. 1. On egg size, quality and yield. Poultry Sci. 39:289-299.
[17] Lapao, C., Gama, L.T. and Chveiro Soares, M. (1999). Effect of broiler breeder age and leangth of egg storage on albumen characteristics and hatchability. Poultry Sci., 78:640-645.
[18] Al-Jebouri, M.A. (1970). A comparative study between some standard breed of chicken and Iraqi strain. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, Iraq.
[19] Al-Shawi, A.M.S. (2003). Effect of age on some quality characteristics and chemical composition of egg from four lines of Iraqi chickens. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, Iraq. (In Arabic).
[20] Akyurek, H. and Okur, A.A. (2009). Effect of storage time, temperature and hen age on egg quality in free-range layer hens. J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8 (10): 1953-1958.
[21] Austic, R.E. and Nesheim, M.C. (1990). Poultry Production 13th ed. Lea and Febiger.
[22] Fromm, D. and Matrone, G. (1962). A rapid method for evaluating the strength of the vitelline of the hen-s egg yolk. Poultry Sci. 41:1516- 1521.