Utilization of Schnerr-Sauer Cavitation Model for Simulation of Cavitation Inception and Super Cavitation

Authors: Mohammadreza Nezamirad, Azadeh Yazdi, Sepideh Amirahmadian, Nasim Sabetpour, Amirmasoud Hamedi

Abstract:

In this study, the Reynolds-Stress-Navier-Stokes framework is utilized to investigate the flow inside the diesel injector nozzle. The flow is assumed to be multiphase as the formation of vapor by pressure drop is visualized. For pressure and velocity linkage, the coupled algorithm is used. Since the cavitation phenomenon inherently is unsteady, the quasi-steady approach is utilized for saving time and resources in the current study. Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model is used, which was capable of predicting flow behavior both at the initial and final steps of the cavitation process. Two different turbulent models were used in this study to clarify which one is more capable in predicting cavitation inception and super-cavitation. It was found that K-ε was more compatible with the Shnerr-Sauer cavitation model; therefore, the mentioned model is used for the rest of this study.

Keywords: CFD, RANS, cavitation, fuel, injector.

References:

REFERENCES
[1] Zeidi, S. and M. Mahdi, Investigation the effects of injection pressure and compressibility and nozzle entry in diesel injector nozzle's flow. Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 2015. 1(2): p. 83-94.
[2] Zeidi, S. M. J. and M. Mahdi, Evaluation of the physical forces exerted on a spherical bubble inside the nozzle in a cavitating flow with an Eulerian/Lagrangian approach. European Journal of Physics, 2015. 36(6).
[3] Reuter, F., et al., Wall Shear Rates Induced by a Single Cavitation Bubble Collapse, in Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2018), J. Katz, Editor. 2018, ASME Press. p. 0.
[4] Salvador, F. J., et al., Using a homogeneous equilibrium model for the study of the inner nozzle flow and cavitation pattern in convergent-divergent nozzles of diesel injectors. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2017. 309: p. 630-641.
[5] Peters, A., U. Lantermann, and O. el Moctar, Simulation of an Internal Nozzle Flow Using an Euler-Lagrange Method, in Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2018), J. Katz, Editor. 2018, ASME Press. p. 0.
[6] Pearce, D., Pressure waves and cavitation in diesel fuel injection rate characterisation. 2017, Imperial College London.
[7] Fu, Y., Z. P. Xie, and W. G. Zhao, Prediction Method of Cavitation Jet Wave Attenuation Based on Five-Equation Two-Fluid Model. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020. 2020. M Nezamirad, S Amirahmadian, N Sabetpour, A Yazdi, A Hamedi, Effect of Different Diesel Fuels on Formation of the Cavitation Phenomena. International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, 2021. 15(7).
[8] Cristofaro, M., et al., A numerical study on the effect of cavitation erosion in a diesel injector. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2020. 78: p. 200-216.
[9] Vanhille, C., Numerical simulations of stable cavitation bubble generation and primary Bjerknes forces in a three-dimensional nonlinear phased array focused ultrasound field. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2020. 63.
[10] Sun, L. G., P. C. Guo, and X. Q. Luo, Numerical investigation on inter-blade cavitation vortex in a Franics turbine. Renewable Energy, 2020. 158: p. 64-74.
[11] Chen, J., L. L. Geng, and X. Escaler, Numerical Investigation of the Cavitation Effects on the Vortex Shedding from a Hydrofoil with Blunt Trailing Edge. Fluids, 2020. 5(4).
[12] Chiu, C. and C. F. Moss, The role of the external ear in vertical sound localization in the free flying bat, Eptesicus fuscus. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2007. 121(4).
[13] von Bayern, A. M. P., et al., The role of experience in problem solving and innovative tool use in crows. Current Biology, 2009. 19(22): p. 1965-1968.
[14] Schnerr, G. H. and J. Sauer. Physical and numerical modeling of unsteady cavitation dynamics. in Fourth international conference on multiphase flow. 2001. ICMF New Orleans.
[15] Macian, V., et al., A CFD analysis of the influence of diesel nozzle geometry on the inception of cavitation. Atomization and Sprays, 2003. 13(5-6): p. 579-604.
[16] Blessing, M., et al., Analysis of flow and cavitation phenomena in diesel injection nozzles and its effects on spray and mixture formation. Fuel Injection Systems, 2003. 2003(2): p. 21-32.
[17] Hu, Q., Y. Yang, and W. Cao, Computational analysis of cavitation at the tongue of the volute of a centrifugal pump at overload conditions. Advances in Production Engineering & Management, 2020. 15(3): p. 295-306.
[18] Geng, L. L. and X. Escaler, Assessment of RANS turbulence models and Zwart cavitation model empirical coefficients for the simulation of unsteady cloud cavitation. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2020. 14(1): p. 151-167.
[19] Schmidt, D. P., et al., Cavitation in Two-Dimensional Asymmetric Nozzles. 1999, SAE International.
[20] Nedderman, R.M., One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow. BY G. B. WALLIS. McGraw Hill, 1969. 408pp. £7. 18s. Cocurrent Gas-Liquid Flow. Edited by E. RHODES AND D. S. SCOTT. Plenum Press, 1969. 698 pp. $27.50. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1970. 42(2): p. 428-430.
[21] Singhal, A. K., et al., Mathematical basis and validation of the full cavitation model. J. Fluids Eng., 2002. 124(3): p. 617-624.
[22] Winklhofer, E., et al. Comprehensive hydraulic and flow field documentation in model throttle experiments under cavitation conditions. in Proceedings of the ILASS-Europe conference, Zurich. 2001.
[23] Som, S., Development and validation of spray models for investigating diesel engine combustion and emissions. 2009: University of Illinois at Chicago.
[24] Xu, X. G., et al., 3D numerical investigation of energy transfer and loss of cavitation flow in perforated plates. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2020. 14(1): p. 1095-1105.
[25] Yusvika, M., et al., Cavitation Prediction of Ship Propeller Based on Temperature and Fluid Properties of Water. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2020. 8(6).
[26] N. Sabetpour, A. Yazdi, S. Amirahmadian, M. Nezamirad, A. Hamedi, Formation of Vapor Volume Fraction in a real size nozzle using Schnerr and Sauer approach. Forth Conference on Technology Development in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2021.
[27] A. Yazdi, N. Sabetpour, S. Amirahmadian, M. Nezamirad, A. Hamedi, Effect of Pressure Difference and Needle Height on Formation of Cavitation in a real size nozzle. Forth Conference on Technology Development in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2021.
[28] M. Nezamirad, S. Amirahmadian, N. Sabetpour, A. Hamedi, A. Yazdi, Effect of Needle Height on Formation of Cavitation in a Six-Hole Diesel Injector Nozzle. 6th national conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2021.
[29] A. Yazdi, M. Nezamirad, S. Amirahmadian, N. Sabetpour, A. Hamedi, Effect of Needle Height on Discharge Coefficient and Cavitation Number. International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, 2021. 15(7).
[30] M. Nezamirad, S. Amirahmadian, N. Sabetpour, A. Yazdi, A. Hamedi, Effect of Different Diesel Fuels on Formation of the Cavitation Phenomena. International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, 2021. 15(7).
[31] M. Nezamirad, N. Sabetpour, A. Yazdi, A. Hamedi, Investigation the Effect of Velocity inlet and Carrying Fluid on the Flow inside Coronary Artery. International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, 2021. 15(7).