Intelligent Parking Systems for Quasi-Close Communities

Authors: Ayodele Adekunle Faiyetole, Olumide Olawale Jegede

Abstract:

This paper presents the experimental design and needs justifications for a localized intelligent parking system (L-IPS), ideal for quasi-close communities with increasing vehicular volume that depends on limited or constant parking facilities. For a constant supply in parking facilities, the demand for an increasing vehicular volume could lead to poor time conservation or extended travel time, traffic congestion or impeded mobility, and safety issues. Increased negative environmental and economic externalities are other associated and consequent downsides of disparities in demand and supply. This L-IPS is designed using a microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, LED indicators, such that the current status, in terms of parking spots availability, can be known from the main entrance to the community or a parking zone on a LCD screen. As an advanced traffic management system (ATMS), the L-IPS is designed to resolve aspects of infrastructure-to-driver (I2D) communication and parking detection issues. Thus, this L-IPS can act as a timesaver for users by helping them know the availability of parking spots. Providing on-time, informed routing, to a next preference or seamless moving to berth on the available spot on a proximate facility as the case may be. Its use could also increase safety and increase mobility, and fuel savings and costs, therefore, reducing negative environmental and economic externalities due to transportation systems.

Keywords: Intelligent parking systems, localized intelligent parking system, intelligent transport systems, advanced traffic management systems, infrastructure-to-drivers communication.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3455619

References:

[1] Tole, L. (2008). “Changes in the built vs non-built environment in a rapidly urbanizing region: A Case Study of the Greater Toronto Area,” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 32 issue 5, pp. 355-364. ISSN: 0198-7515.
[2] Idris, M.Y.I., Tamil, E.M., Noor, N.M., Razak, Z. and Fong, K.W. (2009a). “Parking Guidance System Utilizing Wireless Sensor Network and Ultrasonic Sensor,” Information Technology Journal, vol. 8 issue 2, pp. 138-146. ISSN: 1812-5638.
[3] Idris, M.Y.I., Leng, Y.Y., Tamil, E.M., Noor, N.M. and Razak, Z. (2009b). “Car Park System: A Review of Smart Parking System and its Technology,” Information Technology Journal, vol. 8 issue 2, pp. 101-113. ISSN: 1812-5638.
[4] Department of Transport Management Technology (2015). “Students’ Handbook 2010-2015,” School of Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure.
[5] Ahad, A., Khan, Z.R. and Ahmad, S.A. (2016). “Intelligent Parking System,” World Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, pp. 160-167.
[6] Chai, H., Ma, R. and Zhang, H.M. (2018). “Search for parking: A Dynamic Parking and Route Guidance System for Efficient Parking and Traffic Management,” Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2018.1488218
[7] Kianpisheh, A., Mustaffa, N., Limtrairut, P. and Keikhosrokiani, P. (2012). “Smart Parking System Architecture Using Ultrasonic Detector,” International Journal of Software Engineering and its Applications, vol. 6 issue 3, pp. 51-58.
[8] Kizilkaya, B., Caglar, M., Al-Turjman, F. and Ever, E. (2018). “An Intelligent Car Park Management System: Hierarchical Placement Algorithm Based on Nearest Location,” Proceedings of 32nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, in IEEE Explore Digital Library. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/WAINA.2018.00151
[9] Paidi, V., Fleyeh, H., Hakansson, J. and Nyberg, R.G. (2018). “Smart Parking Sensors, Technologies, and Applications for open parking lots: a review,” IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. 12 issue 8, pp. 735-741. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2017.0406
[10] Faiyetole, A.A. (2019). “A Review of Intelligent Transport System, and its People’s Needs Considerations for Traffic Management’s Policy Framework in a Developed Country;” In Outay, F., Yasar, A., and Shakshuki, E. Editors, Global Advancements in Connected and Intelligent Mobility: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI-Global, USA: Pennsylvania.
[11] Santhosh, G. and Sathish, G.C. (2017). “Frameworks for Parking Systems: A Survey,” Proceedings of Second National Conference on Advances in Computing and Information Technology, published in Asia Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation (AJETI), pp. 149-152.
[12] Amadi, E.C., Ahaiwe, J., Etus, C. and Akpabio, N. (2014). “Deployment of ICT for Effective Transportation System in Nigeria: A Design model of Nigerian System in Nigeria.” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), vol. 3 issue 11, pp. 24-32.
[13] Hassoune, K., Dachry, W., Moutaouakkil, F. and Medromi, H. (2016). "Smart Parking Systems: A Survey,” Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications (Sita), published by IEEE Xplore, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/SITA.2016.7772297
[14] Singh, B., Gupta, A., and Suman, S. (2014). “Framework for Development of Advanced Traveler Information System: A Case Study for Chandigarh City.” Proceedings of International Conference on Transportation Planning and Implementation Methodologies for Developing Countries 2014 (TPMDC-2014), Submission Id. 54.
[15] Jung, H.G., Kim, D.S. Yoon, P.J. and Kim, J. (2006). “Structure Analysis Base Parking Slot Marking Recognition for Semi-Automatic Parking System,” in D.Y. Yeung et al. (Eds.) SSPR & SPR, LNCS 4109, pp. 384-393.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
[16] Geng, Y. and Cassandras, C.G. (2012). “A New ‘Smart Parking’ System Infrastructure and Implementation,” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 54, pp. 1278-1287.
[17] Al-Kharusi, H. and Al-Bahadly, I. (2014). “Intelligent Parking Management System Based on Image Processing,” World Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 55-67.
[18] Yusnita, R. Norbaya, F. and Basharuddin, N. (2012). “Intelligent Parking Space Detection System Based on Image Processing,” International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, vol. 3 issue 3, pp. 232-235.
[19] Basavaraju, S.R. (2015). “Automatic Smart Parking System using the Internet of Things (IoT),” International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, vol. 5 issue 12, pp. 629-632.
[20] Gandhi, B.M.K. and Rao, M. K. (2016). “A Prototype for IoT Based Car Parking Management System for Smart Cities,” Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 9 issue 17, pp. 1-6.
[21] Singh, H., Anand, C., Kumar, V. and Sharma, A. (2010). “Automated Parking System with Bluetooth Access,” International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 3 issue 5, pp. 5773-5775.
[22] Yee, H.C. and Rahayu, Y. (2014). “Monitoring Parking Space Availability Via Zigbee Technology,” International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, vol. 3, issue 6, pp. 377-380.
[23] Mutiara, G.A., Agung, A.A.G, and Handayani, R. (2017). “MAC Address-Based Smart Parking Prototype using Solar Cell,” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,” vol. 12 issue 4, pp. 1085-1091.
[24] Mehmood, Z., Haneef, O., Mohammad, N. and Khattak, S. (2018). “Towards a Fully Automated Car Parking System,” IET Intelligent Transport Systems, http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2018.5021.
[25] Orrie, O., Silva, B., and Hancke, G.. (2015). “A Wireless Smart Parking System,” Proceedings of 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON, published in IEEE Xplore, pp. 004110-004114.
[26] Sakai, A.K., Mizuno, T., Sugimoto, and Okuda, T. (1995). “Parking Guidance and Information System,” Proceedings of Vehicle Navigations and Information System Conference in Conjunction with the Pacific Rim TransTech Conference, 6th International VNIS. A Ride into the Future, July 30-August 2, IEEE Explore, pp. 478-485.
[27] Bertini, R. and El-Geneidy, A. (2002). “Advanced Traffic Management System Data. In D. Gillen & D. Levinson (Eds.), Assessing the Benefits and Costs of ITS. Transportation Research, Economics and Policy, (vol 10, pp. 287-314). Springer, Boston, MA.
[28] Krejcie, R.V. and Morgan, D.W. (1970). “Determining Sample Size for Research Activities,” Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 30, pp. 607-610.
[29] Scheeling, J. (2002). “Car Park Monitoring System,” University of Queensland.
[30] Rao, Y.R. (2017). “Automatic Smart Parking System using the Internet of Things (IoT),” International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, vol. 4 issue 5, pp. 225-228. ISSN: 2394-3386.
[31] Arduino IDE (2018). “Arduino Software IDE on Windows PC,” from Arduino.cc: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows, accessed 08 August 2018.
[32] Mimbela, L.E.Y. and Klein, L.A. (2000). “A Summary of Vehicle Detection and Surveillance Technologies used in Intelligent Transport System,” Southwest Technology Development Institute (SWTDI) at New Mexico State University.
[33] Faiyetole, A.A. (2018). “Potentialities of Space-Based Systems for Monitoring Climate Policies and Mitigation of Climate Process Drivers,” Astropolitics, vol. 16 issue 1, pp. 28-48.