Causal Modeling of the Glucose-Insulin System in Type-I Diabetic Patients

Authors: J. Fernandez, N. Aguilar, R. Fernandez de Canete, J. C. Ramos-Diaz

Abstract:

In this paper, a simulation model of the glucose-insulin system for a patient undergoing diabetes Type 1 is developed by using a causal modeling approach under system dynamics. The OpenModelica simulation environment has been employed to build the so called causal model, while the glucose-insulin model parameters were adjusted to fit recorded mean data of a diabetic patient database. Model results under different conditions of a three-meal glucose and exogenous insulin ingestion patterns have been obtained. This simulation model can be useful to evaluate glucose-insulin performance in several circumstances, including insulin infusion algorithms in open-loop and decision support systems in closed-loop.

Keywords: Causal modeling, diabetes, glucose-insulin system, diabetes, causal modeling, OpenModelica software.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1132236

References:

[1] J. D. Sterman, "System dynamics modeling: Tools for learning in a complex world". California management review. 43 (4), 2001, 8–25.
[2] D. M. Rubin, C. L. Richards, P. A. Keene, J. E. Paiker, A. R. Gray, R. F. Herron, M. J. Russell, B. Wigdorowitz, “System dynamics in medical education: a tool for life”, Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract., vol. 17(2), 2012, pp. 203-210.
[3] G. Li, J. Gao, F. Chen “Construction of causality diagram model for diagnostics”, Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2008. RAMS 2008, pp. 125-130.
[4] Y. Okuda, E.O. Bryson, S. De Maria, L. Jacobson, J. Quinones , B. Shen, A.I. Levine, “The utility of simulation in medical education: what is the evidence?”, Mt Sinai J Med, Vol. 76(4), 2009, pp. 330-343.
[5] J.A. Gordon, J. Pawlowski, “Education on-demand: the development of a simulator-based medical education service”, Acad Med., vol. 77(7), 2002, pp. 751-752.
[6] World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes, Geneva, 2016.
[7] C. Dallaman, D.M. Raimondo, R.A. Rizza, C. Cobelli, c. “GIM, Simulation Software of Meal Glucose-Insulin Model”, J. Diab Sci and Technology, vol. 1(3), 2007, pp. 323-330.
[8] P. Fritzson. Principles of Object-oriented Modeling and Simulation with Modelica 2.1: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2003.
[9] A. Makroglou, J. Li, Y. Kuang “Mathematical models and software tools for the glucose-insulin regulatory system and diabetes: An overview”, Applied Numerical Mathematics vol. 56, pp. 559–573.
[10] B.R. Hipszer. A type 1 diabetic model. M. A. Thesis, Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University, 2001.
[11] G. Coyle, “Qualitative and quantitative modelling in system dynamics: some research questions”, Sys Dyn Rev, vol. 16(3), 2000, pp. 225-244.
[12] F. Cellier, “World3 in Modelica: Creating System Dynamics Models in the Modelica Framework”, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Modelica Conference 2008, pp. 393-400.