Effect of Two Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on the Haemolymph of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria

Authors: Fatima Zohra Bissaad, Farid Bounaceur, Nassima Behidj, Nadjiba Chebouti, Fatma Halouane, Bahia Doumandji-Mitiche

Abstract:

Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on the 5^th instar nymphs of Schistocerca gregaria was studied in the laboratory. Infection by these both entomopathogenic fungi caused reduction in the hemolymph total protein. The average amounts of total proteins were 2.3, 2.07, 2.09 µg/100 ml of haemolymph in the control and M. anisopliae var. acridum, and B. bassiana based-treatments, respectively. Three types of haemocytes were recognized and identified as prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes and granulocytes. The treatment caused significant reduction in the total haemocyte count and in each haemocyte type on the 9^th day after its application.

Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, haemolymph picture, haemolymph protein, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum, Schistocerca gregaria.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1124863

References:

[1] C.J. Lomer, “Metarhizium flavoviride: recent results in the control of locusts and grasshoppers”. Pages 159-169. In: New strategies in locust control. S. Krall, R. Peveling and D. Ba Diallo, Eds. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 522 pp.1997.
[2] C.O.P.R., “The locust and grasshopper agricultural manual”. Ed. Center for Overseas Pest Research, London, England, 690 pp. 1982.
[3] R.J. Courshee, “Criteria for choosing application techniques for desert locust control”. EPPO Bull. 13: 535-540. 1983.
[4] R.J. Courshee, “Desert locusts and their control”. International Pest Control 32: 206-212. 1990.
[5] G.A. Matthews, “Pesticide application methods”. 2nd Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical, UK, 405 pp. 1992.
[6] R.P. Bateman, “Simple standardized methods for recording droplet measurements and estimation of deposits from controlled droplet application”. Crop Prot. 12: 201-206. 1993.
[7] F.A.O., Workshop on spray equipment used in desert locust control. FAO Commission for Controlling the Desert Locust in the Near East, 21-23 August 1994, Cairo, Egypt. 1994.
[8] A. Steedman, “Locust handbook”. 3rd Ed. Chatham, Natural Resources Institute, UK, 204 pp.1990.
[9] E. Dorow, “Alsystin-an environmentally friendly insecticide for the control of plagues of locusts”. Pflan-zenschutznachrichten Bayer 49: 145-180. 1996.
[10] D.J. Greathead, “Natural enemies of tropical locust and grasshoppers: their impact and potential as biological control agents”. Pages 105-121. In: Biological control of locusts and grasshoppers. C.J. Lomer and C. Prior, Eds. CAB International, UK. 1992.
[11] C.Perior, D.J. Greathead, “Biological control of locust: the potential for exploitation of pathogens”. FAO Plant Protect. Bull. 37: 37-48. 1989.
[12] B. Doumandji-Mitiche, F. Halouane, N. Chahbar, S. Agrane, N. Merabti, A. Seddik, S. Doumandji, “Note sur la présence de l’entomopathogène Beauveriabassiana (Hyphomycètes, Deuteromycotina) sur Schistocercagregaria sur terrain à Adrar”. Effet sur le rythme cardiaque et la respiration de cet acridien. Med. Fac. Landbouwm, Univ. Gent 62: 499-506. 1997.
[13] D. Guzo, D.B.Stolz, “Observations on cellular immunity and parasitism in the tissok moth”. J. Insect Physiol. 33: 19-31.1987.
[14] A.P. Gupta, “Haemocytes types: their structures, synonymies, interrelationships, and taxonomic significance”. Pages 85-127. In: Insect haemocytes. A.P. Gupta, Ed., Cambridge University Press, GB. 1979.
[15] M. Bradford, “A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding”. Ann. Biochem.72:248-254.1976.
[16] SAS institute, “SAS/Stat software (computer program electronic Manuel)”, version 8.01. Cary, NC. 1999.
[17] F. Halouane, A. Benzara, B. Doumandji-Mitiche, M. Bouhacein, “Effet de deux entomopathogènes, Beauveriabassiana et Metarhizium flavoviride (Hyphomycètes, Deuteromycotina) sur l'hémogramme des larves de 5ème stade et des adultes de Locustamigratoriamigratorioides (Orthoptera: Acrididae)”. J. Orthop. Res. 10: 331-334. 2001.
[18] P. Xia, P. Dean, A.J. Judge, J.P. Gillespie, J.M. Clarkson, A.K. Charnley, “Acid phosphatases in the haemolymph of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, infected with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae”. J. Insect Physiol. 46: 1249-1257. 2000.
[19] J.P. Gillespie, C. Burnett, A.K. Charnley, “The immune response of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria during mycosis of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum”. J. Insect Physiol. 46: 429-437. 2000.
[20] E. Seyoum, R.P. Bateman, A.K. Charnley, “The effect of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on haemolymph energy reserves and flight capability in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria”. J. Appl. Entomol. 126: 119-124. 2002.
[21] S. Avulova, R.B. Rosengaus, “Losing the battle against fungal infection: suppression of termite immune defenses during mycosis”. J. Insect Physiol. 57: 966-971. 2011.