Cost Analysis of Hybrid Wind Energy Generating System Considering CO2 Emissions

Authors: M. A. Badr, M.N. El Kordy, A. N. Mohib, M. M. Ibrahim

Abstract:

The basic objective of the research is to study the effect of hybrid wind energy on the cost of generated electricity considering the cost of reduction CO₂ emissions. The system consists of small wind turbine(s), storage battery bank and a diesel generator (W/D/B). Using an optimization software package, different system configurations are investigated to reach optimum configuration based on the net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) as economic optimization criteria. The cost of avoided CO₂ is taken into consideration. The system is intended to supply the electrical load of a small community (gathering six families) in a remote Egyptian area. The investigated system is not connected to the electricity grid and may replace an existing conventional diesel powered electric supply system to reduce fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. The simulation results showed that W/D energy system is more economic than diesel alone. The estimated COE is 0.308$/kWh and extracting the cost of avoided CO₂, the COE reached 0.226 $/kWh which is an external benefit of wind turbine, as there are no pollutant emissions through operational phase.

Keywords: Hybrid wind turbine systems, remote areas electrification, simulation of hybrid energy systems, techno-economic study.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1124289

References:

[1] R. Bănosa, F. Manzano-Agugliarob, F.G. Montoyab, C. Gila, A. Alcaydeb, J. Gomez, “Optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy: A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, “RSER”, 15, 1753–1766, 2011. Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rser
[2] Dennis Y.C. Leung, and Yuan Yang, “'Wind energy development and its environmental impact: A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, “RSER”, 16, pp. 1031– 103, November 2011.
[3] G.J.W. van Bussel, S.M. Mertens, “Small wind turbines for the built environment”. EACWE4- The Fourth European & African Conference on Wind Engineering; ITAM AS CR, Prague, 11-15 July, 2005
[4] Terefe Jima, ''Simulation and Optimization of Wind Turbine, Solar PV, Storage Battery and Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System for a Cluster of Micro and Small Enterprises Working on Wood and Metal Products'', Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School of Graduate Studies Energy Center, Feb 2013.
[5] Zhao Xingang, Liu Xiaomeng, Liu Pingkuo, and Feng Tiantian,'' The mechanism and policy on the electricity price of renewable energy in China'', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, “RSER”, 15, Issue 9, Pages 4302-4309, December 2011.
[6] Athanasios Angelis-Dimakis, Markus Biberacher, Javier Dominguez, Giulia Fiorese, Sabine Gadocha, Edgard Gnansounou, Giorgio Guariso, Avraam Kartalidis, Luis Panichelli, Irene Pinedo, and Michela Robba,'' Methods and tools to evaluate the availability of renewable energy sources'', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, “RSER”, 15, pp. 1182-1200, June 2010.
[7] Wei Zhou, Chengzhi Lou, Zhongshi Li, Lin Lu, and Hongxing Yang, ‘'Current status of research on optimum sizing of stand-alone hybrid solar–wind power generation systems”, Applied Energy, 87, pp. 380–389, September 2009.
[8] A.N. Celik, ''A simplified model for estimating yearly wind fraction in hybrid-wind energy systems'', Renewable Energy, “RE” 31, pp. 105–118, 2006.
[9] M. A. Badr, A. N. Mohib, M. M. Ibrahim, “Small Wind Turbine Hybrid System for Remote Application: Egyptian Case Study”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering 8, No.9, 2014.
[10] Energy Information Administration, Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the U.S., DOE/EIA-0638, October 2007.
[11] Technical Support Document: - Technical Update of the Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis - Under Executive Order 12866 - Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, United States Government, May 2013. www.whitehouse.gov/…s/default/files/omb/inforeg/...