Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 33122
Water Crisis Management in a Tourism Dependent Community
Authors: Aishath Shakeela
Abstract:
At a global level, water stewardship, water stress and water security are crucial factors in tourism planning and development considerations. Challenges associated with water is of particular concern to the Maldives as there is limited availability of freshwater, high dependency on desalinated water, and high unit cost associated with desalinating water. While the Maldives is promoted as an example of sustainable tourism, a key sustainability challenge facing tourism dependent communities is the efficient use and management of available water resources. A water crisis event in the capital island of Maldives highlighted how precarious water related issues are in this tourism dependent destination. Applying netnography, the focus of this working paper is to present community perceptions of how government policies addressed Malé Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC) water crisis event.Keywords: Crisis management, government policies, Maldives, tourism, water.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1110065
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2122References:
[1] UNWTO, UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, UN World Tourism Organization, Madrid, 2015.
[2] D. Styles, H. Schoenberger, and J. Luis Galvez-Martos, “Water Management in the European Hospitality Sector: Best Practice, Performance Benchmarks and Improvement Potential,” in Tourism Management, vol. 46, pp. 187-202, Feb, 2015.
[3] S. Gössling, “New Performance Indicators for Water Management in Tourism,” in Tourism Management, vol. 46, pp. 233-244, 2015.
[4] J. J. Pigram, "Resource Constraints on Tourism: Water Resources and Sustainability," Change in Tourism: People, Places and Processes, R. Butler and D. Pearce, eds., pp. 208–28, London: Routledge, 1995.
[5] N. Charara, A. Cashman, R. Bonnell et al., “Water Use Efficiency in the Hotel Sector of Barbados,” in Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 231 - 245, 2011.
[6] S. Gössling, P. Peeters, C. M. Hall et al., “Tourism and Water Use: Supply, Demand, and Security. An International Review,” in Tourism Management, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2012.
[7] P. Bohdanowicz, and I. Martinac, “Determinants and benchmarking of resource consumption in hotels—Case study of Hilton International and Scandic in Europe,” in Energy & Buildings, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 82-95, 2007.
[8] M. Hadjikakou, J. Chenoweth, and G. Miller, “Estimating the Direct and Indirect Water Use of Tourism in the Eastern Mediterranean,” in Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 114, pp. 548-556, 2013.
[9] A. Hof, and M. Blázquez-Salom, “Changing Tourism Patterns, Capital Accumulation, and Urban Water Consumption in Mallorca, Spain: A Sustainability Fix?,” in Journal of Sustainable Tourism, pp. 1-27, 2015.
[10] S. Essex, M. Kent, and R. Newnham, “Tourism Development in Mallorca: Is Water Supply a Constraint?,” in Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 4-25, 2004.
[11] M. Aminu, A.-N. Matori, K. W. Yusof et al., “A GIS-Based Water Quality Model for Sustainable Tourism Planning of Bertam River in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia,” Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014.
[12] G. T. LaVanchy, and M. J. Taylor, “Tourism as Tragedy? Common Problems with Water in Post-Revolutionary Nicaragua,” in International Journal of Water Resources Development, pp. 1-15, 2015.
[13] S. Cole, “A Political Ecology of Water Equity and Tourism,” in Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 1221-1241, 2012.
[14] S. Strauss, “Water Conflicts among Different User Groups in South Bali, Indonesia,” in Human Ecology, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 69-79, Feb, 2011.
[15] Tourism Concern. "Water Equity in Tourism – A Human Right, A Global Responsibility," http://tourismconcern.org.uk/new-report-revealsmassive- water-inequity-between-tourism-and-locals/.
[16] P. Koundouri, M. Stithou, and P. Melissourgos, "Simulating Residential Water Demand and Water Pricing Issues," Water Resources Management Sustaining Socio-Economic Welfare: The Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive in Asopos River Basin in Greece, P. Koundouri and N. A. Papandreou, eds., pp. 71-86, 2014.
[17] C. M. Hall, “Crisis Events in Tourism: Subjects of Crisis in Tourism,” in Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 401-417, 2010, 2010.
[18] B. Faulkner, and S. Vikulov, “Katherine, washed out one day, back on track the next: a post-mortem of a tourism disaster,” in Tourism Management, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 331-344, 2001.
[19] B. Faulkner, “Towards a Framework for Tourism Disaster Management,” in Tourism Management, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 135-147, 2001.
[20] World Tourism Organization, Making Tourism More Sustainable: A Guide for Policy Makers., Madrid: World Tourism Organization, 2005.
[21] F. d. V. Pegas, D. Weaver, and G. Castley, “Domestic tourism and sustainability in an emerging economy: Brazil's littoral pleasure periphery,” in Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 748- 769, 2015.
[22] IPCC, Fifth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, 2014.
[23] S. Cole, “Tourism and Water: From Stakeholders to Rights Holders, and What Tourism Businesses Need to Do,” in Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 89-106, 2014.
[24] K. Bakker, “The "commons" versus the "commodity": Alterglobalization, anti-privatization and the human right to water in the global south,” in Antipode, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 430-455, 2007.
[25] United Nations World Water Assessment Program, The United Nations World Water Development Report 2015: Water for a Sustainable World, UNESCO, Paris, 2015.
[26] MOT, Tourism Year Book 2014, Malé: Ministry of Tourism, 2014.
[27] MOT. "Facilities in Development," 13 May, 2015; http://www.tourism.gov.mv/facilities/facilities-development/.
[28] National Bureau of Statistics, Population and Housing Census 2014, National Bureau of Statistics; and Ministry of Finance & Treasury, Malé, 2015.
[29] Google Earth, "Malé, Maldives," 2015.
[30] National Bureau of Statistics. "Statistical Year Book of Maldives 2014," 11 December, 2014; http://planning.gov.mv/yearbook2014/yearbook.html.
[31] Dhivehiraajeyge Jumhooriyaage Qaanoon Asaasee (The Constitution of the Maldives), 2008, pp. 1-176.
[32] DNP, Millennium Development Goals - Maldives Country Report 2010, Department of National Planning, Malé, 2010.
[33] United Nations Environment Programme, State of the Environment Maldives 2002, Ministry of Environment and Energy & Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Thailand, 2002.
[34] S. A. Ibrahim, M. R. Bari, and L. Miles, Water resources management in Maldives with an emphasis on desalination, Maldives Water and Sanitation Authority, 2014.
[35] R. T. Bailey, A. Khalil, and V. Chatikavanij, “Estimating Transient Freshwater Lens Dynamics for Atoll Islands of the Maldives,” in Journal of Hydrology, vol. 515, pp. 247-256, 2014.
[36] A. Latheefa, A. Shafia, and F. Shafeega, State of the Environment Maldives 2011, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Maldives, 2012.
[37] UNDP, Tsunami Impact and Recovery - Joint Needs Assessment, United Nations Development Programme, Maldives, 2006.
[38] A. Nizar. "Mi aharu ge mihaa thanah 79 rasheh fenah jehijje: DMC," 9 June, 2015; http://www.haveeru.com.mv/dhivehi/news/170023.
[39] R. V. Kozinets, “''I Want to Believe'': A Netnography of the X-Philes' Subculture of Consumption,” in Advances in Conumer Research, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 470-475, 1997.
[40] R. V. Kozinets, Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd, 2010.
[41] R. V. Kozinets, “The Field behind the Screen: Using Netnography for Marketing Research in Online Communities,” in Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 61-72, 2002.
[42] N. Fairclough, Analyzing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research, New York: Routledge, 2003.