Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32759
Implementation of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Africa

Authors: J. Levodo, A. Ford, I. Chaer

Abstract:

Africa enjoys some of the best solar radiation levels in the world averaging between 4-6 kWh/m2/day for most of the year and the global economic and political conditions that tend to make African countries more dependent on their own energy resources have caused growing interest in renewable energy based technologies. However to-date, implementation of modern Energy Technologies in Africa is still very low especially the use of solar conversion technologies. This paper presents literature review and analysis relating to the techno-economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic power generation in Africa. The literature is basically classified into the following four main categories. Techno-economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic power generation, design methods, performance evaluations of various systems and policy of potential future of technological development of photovoltaic (PV) in Africa by exploring the impact of alternative policy instruments and technology cost reductions on the financial viability of investing solar photovoltaic in Africa.

Keywords: Africa Solar Potential, Policy, Photovoltaic, Technologies.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1100104

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 3126

References:


[1] T. E. Drennen, J. D. Erickson and D. Chapman, “Solar Power and Climate Change Policy in developing Countries,” Energy Policy, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1996, pp. 9-16. doi: 10.1016/0301-4215(95)00117-4
[2] G. C. Bakosa and M. Soursosb, “Techno-Economic Assessment of a Stand-Alone PV/hybrid Installation for Low-Cost Electrification of a Tourist Resort in Greece,” Applied Energy, Vol. 73, No. 2, 2002, pp.183-193. doi.10.4236/sgre.2012.32020
[3] J. L. Bernal-Agustin and R. Dufo-Lopez, “Economical and Environmental Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems in Spain,” Renewable Energy, Vol. 31, No. 8, 2006, pp.1107-1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00062-4 (Accessed 5 November, 2014).
[4] Evaluation of Off-Grid Hybrid Photovoltaic-Diesel Battery Power Systems for Rural Electrification in Saudi Arabia—A Way Forward for Sustainable Development,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2009, pp.625-633. doi.10.4236/cweee.2013.22005
[5] M. Kolhe, S. Kolhea and J. C. Joshi, “Economic Viability of Stand- Alone Solar Photovoltaic System in Comparison with Diesel-Powered System for India,” Energy Economics, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2002, pp. 155- 165. doi.10.4236/sgre.2012.34037
[6] A. Stoppato, “Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Electricity Generation,” Energy, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2008, pp.224-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2007.11.012
[7] M. Raugei and P. Frankl, “Life Cycle Impacts and Costs of Photovoltaic Systems: Current State of the Art and Future Outlooks,” Energy, Vol. 34, No. 3, 2009, pp. 392- 399. doi:10.1016/j.reseneeco.2009.01.001
[8] M. Kolhe, “Techno-Economic Optimum Sizing of a Stand-Alone Solar Photovoltaic System,” IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2009, pp. 511-519.doi.10.1109/TEC.2008.2001455
[9] M. EL-Shimy, “Viability Analysis of PV Power Plants in Egypt,” Renewable Energy, Vol. 34, No. 10, 2009, pp.2187-2196. doi.10.4236/sgre.2012.34037
[10] S. S. Dihrab and K. Sopin, “Electricity Generation of Hybrid PV/Wind Systems in Iraq,” Renewable Energy, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2010, pp.1303- 1307. doi.10.4236/ajac.2013.49060
[11] N. E. Mbaka, N. J. Mucho and K. Godpromesse, “Economic Evaluation of Small-Scale Photovoltaic Hybrid Systems for Mini-Grid Applications in Far North Cameroon,” Renewable Energy, Vol.35, No. 10, 2010, pp.2391-2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.005 (Acceessed November 6, 2014)
[12] S. Bogdan and M. Salameh, “Methodology for Optimally Sizing the Combination of a Battery Bank and PV Array in a Wind/PV Hybrid System,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1996, pp. 367-375 doi.10.4236/sgre.2013.44043
[13] W. D. Kellogg, M. H. Nehrir, G. Venkataramananand. V. Gerez, “Generation Unit Sizing and Cost Analysis for Stand-Alone Wind, Photovoltaic, and Hybrid-Wind/PV/System,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1998, pp. 70-76 doi.10.1109/60.658206
[14] A. N. Celik, “Techno-Economic Analysis of Autonomous PV-Wind Hybrid Energy Systems Using Different Sizing Methods,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 44, No. 12, 2003, pp. 1951-1968. doi.10.4236/sgre.2012.34037
[15] M. M. Mahmoud and I. H. Ibrik, “Field Experience on Solar Electric Power Systems and Their Potential in Palestine,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 6, 2003, pp. 531-543. doi.10.4236/sgre.2012.34037
[16] G. Bekele and B. Palm, “Feasibility Study for a Stand-alone Solar- Wind-Based Hybrid Energy System for Application in Ethiopia,” Applied Energy, Vol. 87, No. 2, 2010, pp. 487-495 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.06.006 (Acceessed November 17,2014)
[17] P. Arun, R. Banerjee and S. Bandyopadhyay, “Sizing Curve for Design of Isolated Power Systems,” Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2007, pp. 21-28. doi.10.4236/sgre.2012.34037
[18] P. Arun, R. Banerjee and S. Bandyopadhyay, “Optimum Sizing of Photovoltaic Battery Systems Incorporating Uncertainty through Design Space Approach,” Solar Energy, Vol. 83, No. 7, 2009, pp. 1013-1025. (Accessed November 10, 2014) http://www.scirp.org/journal/ PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=38040
[19] E. S. Hrayshat “Techno-Economic Analysis of Autonomous/Hybrid Photovoltaic-Diesel-Battery System,” Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2009, pp. 143-150. doi.10.4236/sgre.2012.34037
[20] A. Chaurey and T. C. Kandpal, “A Techno-Economic Comparison of Rural Electrification Based on Solar Home Systems and PV Microgrids,” Energy Policy, Vol. 38, No. 6, 2010, pp. 3118-3129. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.01.052
[21] M. Uzunoglu, O. C. Onar and M. S. Alam, “Modelling, Control and Simulation of a PV/FC/UC Based Hybrid Power Generation System for Stand-Alone Applications,” Renewable Energy, Vol. 34, No. 3, 2009, pp. 509-520. doi.10.4236/sgre.2013.41013
[22] A. Mellit, S. A. Kalogirou, L. Hontoria and S. Shaari, “Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Sizing Photovoltaic Systems: A Review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2009, pp.406-419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.01.006(Assessed November 15, 2014)
[23] M. R. Borges Neto, P. C. M. Carvalho, J. O. B. Carioca and J. F. Canafıstula, “Biogas/Photovoltaic Hybrid Power System for Decentralized Energy Supply of Rural Areas,” Energy Policy, Vol. 38, No. 8, 2010, pp. 4497-4506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.04.004 (Accessed November 2, 2014)
[24] B. K. Bala and S. A. Siddique, “Optimal Design of a PV-Diesel Hybrid System for Electrification of an Isolated Island Sandwitch in Bangladesh Using Genetic Algorithm,” Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2009, pp. 137-142.
[25] M. Sidrach-de-Cardona and L. M. Lopez, “Evaluation of a Grid- Connected Photovoltaic System in Southern Spain,” Renewable Energy, Vol. 15, No. 1-4, 1998, pp. 527-530. doi:10.1016/S0960- 1481(98)00218-3
[26] A. Schmitt, G. Huard and G. Kwiatkowsk, “PV-Hybrid Microplants and Mini-Grids for Decentralised Rural Electrification in Developing Countries,” EDF Research and development, France, 2006
[27] N. Kaushika, N. K. Gautam and K. Kaushik, “Simulation Model for Sizing of Standalone Solar PV System with Interconnected Array,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 85, No. 4, 2005, pp.499- 519. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2004.05.024
[28] A. Lietzmann, D. Frohler and K. Lietzmann, “Practical Experiences and Dimensioning in the Operation of Decentralized Energy Supply Stations, at RIO 5-World Climate & Energy Event,” Proceedings-of-the- International Conference, Rio de Janeiro, 2005.
[29] A. H. M. E. Reinders, Pramusito, A. Sudradjat, V. A. P. van Dijk, R. Mulyadi and W. C. Turkenburg, “Sukatani Revisited: On the Performance of Nine-Year-Old Solar Home Systems and Street Lighting Systems in Indonesia,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1999, pp. 1-47. doi.10.4236/sgre.2012.34037
[30] C. Greacen and D. Green, “The Role of Bypass Diodes in the Failure of Solar Battery Charging Stations in Thailand,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 70, No. 2, 2001, pp. 141-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00017-4 (Accessed November 8, 2014)
[31] F. Giraud and Z. M. Salameh, “Steady-State Performance of a Grid- Connected Rooftop Hybrid Wind-Photovoltaic Power System with Battery Storage,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2001, pp.1-7. doi.10.1109/60.911395
[32] I. Ashraf and A. Chandra, “Techno Economic Viability of a Rooftop Hybridized Solar PV-AC Grid Assisted Power System for Peak Load Management,” 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics Machines and Drives, Vol. 1, 2004, pp. 442-446
[33] Sampa, R. C., 1994.’Renewable Energy Technologies Dissemination in Zambia’, paper prepared for the first Regional RETs Workshop, 31 May-1 June 1994, Naivasha, Kenya, SEI-AFREPREN/FWD, Nairobi, pp. 14-15.
[34] Makbul A. et al., (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/626251 (Accessed November 16, 2014)
[35] Mouedj. Relal, (2014) http://ac.elscdn.com/S1876610214008340/1-s2.0- S1876610214008340main.pdf?_tid=dccb2cb8-765c-11e4-87b7 00000aab0f6b&acdnat=1417110374_80926b1f666a0ee3f42821c867fb9 238 (Accessed November 10 2014)
[36] Kolkata. A. (2010), http://iesaonline.org/presentations/solar_ july%2023_kolkata/Ashok%20Prakash.pf
[37] Karekezi. N (2003) http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/ documents/nepadkarekezi.pdf (Accessed November 17,2014)