Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32759
Zamzam Water as Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel Rebar in Rainwater and Simulated Acid Rain

Authors: Ahmed A. Elshami, Stéphanie Bonnet, Abdelhafid Khelidj

Abstract:

Corrosion inhibitors are widely used in concrete industry to reduce the corrosion rate of steel rebar which is present in contact with aggressive environments. The present work aims to using Zamzam water from well located within the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia 20 m (66 ft) east of the Kaaba, the holiest place in Islam as corrosion inhibitor for steel in rain water and simulated acid rain. The effect of Zamzam water was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic polarization techniques in Department of Civil Engineering - IUT Saint-Nazaire, Nantes University, France. Zamzam water is considered to be one of the most important steel corrosion inhibitor which is frequently used in different industrial applications. Results showed that zamzam water gave a very good inhibition for steel corrosion in rain water and simulated acid rain.

Keywords: Zamzam water, corrosion inhibitor, rain water and simulated acid rain.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1337729

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2732

References:


[1] G. R. Hawting, (1980). "The Disappearance and Rediscovery of Zamzam and the 'Well of the Ka'ba' ".Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 43 (1): 44–54.JSTOR 616125 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/616125).
[2] www.sgs.org.sa/english /earth/pages/zamzam.aspx) from the original on June 19, 2013."Zamzam Studies and Research Centre" (http://www.sgs.org.sa/english/earth/pages/zamzam.aspx). Saudi Geological Survey. Archived Retrieved June 2, 2014.
[3] S. Y. El-Zaiat .Inherent Optical Properties of Zamzam Water in the Visible Spectrum: Dispersion Analysis .the Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 32, Number 2A, July 2007, pp. 171–180.
[4] A. F. Ali; E. Cosemi; S. Kamel; S.Mohammed;M. Elhefnawy; L. Farid; and S. Shaker .Zamzam Water Gene Downregulation in Uterine Fibrochondrosarcoma Cell Line. Thirteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC 13 2009, pp. 1543–1547,Hurghada, Egypt.
[5] A. F. Ali; E. Cosemi; S. Kamel; S.Mohammed;M. Elhefnawy; L. Farid; and S. Shaker . Oncolytic Action of Zamzam Water on Azoxyonethone (AOM) Induced Colon Tumors in Rats. Thirteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC 13 2009, pp. 1521–1526, Hurghada, Egypt.
[6] A. Bamosa, A. Elnour, H. Kaatabi, A. Al Meheithif, K. AleissaZamzam Water Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Reduces HemoglobinA1c in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Diabetes Metab 4: 249. doi: 10.4172/2155- 6156.1000249 (2013).
[7] S.S. Alsokari, ZamzamWater-Induced Changes in Growth and Biochemical Parameters in Lentils.Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9): 559-563, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178.
[8] N. Al Zuhair, R. Khounganian. A comparative study between the chemical composition of potable water and Zamzam water in Saudi Arabia.http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/khounganian/Interns%20Seminar/Zamza m-waterpublicationarticle.pdf). KSU Faculty Sites, Retrieved August 15, 2010
[9] Badea Abu Al-Naja (May 7, 2011). Kingdom rejects BBC claim of Zamzam water contamination (http://www.arabnews.com/node/376786). Arab News, retrieved June 2, 2014
[10] Wu Y. H, Liu T. M., Sun C.,J.Xu and C. K. Yu.Effects of simulated acid rain on corrosion behaviour of Q235 steel in acidic soil.Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 2010 VOL45 NO 2.p 136-141.
[11] ASTM G1 – 03.Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, cleaning, corrosion product removal, evaluation, mass loss. (2011)
[12] ASTM Standard C876-99. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999, DOI: 10.1520/C0876-91R99, Www.Astm.Org. (1999). M. Young, The Techincal Writers Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.
[13] C. Andrade , Alonso A & Al., RILEM TC 154-EMC: Electrochemical Techniques for Measuring Metallic Corrosion - Recommendations, Materials and Structures, Vol. 37, n°9, 2004, pp.623-643