An Unusual Occurrence: Typhoid Retinitis with Kyrieleis' Vasculitis

Authors: Aditya Sethi, Vaibhav Sethi, Shenouda Girgis

Abstract:

We present a case of a 31-year-old female who presented with a three week history of left eye blurry vision following a fever. She was diagnosed with Typhoid fever, confirmed by a positive Widal test report. On examination, her best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/20 and in the left eye was 20/60. Fundus examination of the right eye showed a focal area of retinitis with retinal haemorrhages along the superior arcade within the macula. There was also focal area of retinitis with superficial retinal haemorrhages along the superior arcade vessels. There was also presence of multiple yellowish white exudates within the adjacent retinal artery arranged in a beaded pattern, suggestive of Kyrieleis' vasculitis. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of the left eye demonstrated cystoid macula edema with serous foveal detachment.

Keywords: typhoid retinitis, Kyrieleis’ vasculitis, immune-mediated retinitis, post-fever retinitis, typhoid retinopathy, retinitis