Solid Waste Management in Adama, Ethiopia: Aspects and Challenges

Authors: Mengist Hailemariam, Assegid Ajeme

Abstract:

The ever increasing amount of solid waste (SW) generated which is exacerbated by lack of proper waste management system is of growing concern worldwide and in major cities in developing countries due to its social, economic and environmental implications. This study attempts to describe the aspects of solid waste management (SWM) in Adama, one of the fast urbanizing cities in Ethiopia, and highlights the challenges thereof. Data were gathered through interview supplemented by field observation and self-administered questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. In addition, secondary data were gathered from documents. Findings revealed that the current SWM practice couldn’t cope with the fast urbanizing needs and the rapid population growth exhibited by the city. Besides, major factors contributing to the inefficient system were identified. The study would provide practical insights to decision makers in developing a sustainable SWM system leading to minimized risk in the city.

Keywords: Adama, Aspects and challenges, Ethiopia, Solid waste management.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1096335

References:

[1] M. Coffey, A. Coad, "Collection of Municipal Solid Waste in Developing Countries”, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT). Nairobi, Kenya. 2010.
[2] E. Achankeng, Globalization, "Urbanization and Municipal Solid Waste Management in Africa,” African Studies Association of Australasia and the Pacific, Conference Proceedings - African on a Global Stage. 2003.
[3] L. A. Guerrero, G. Maas, and W. Hogland, Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries. Waste Management, 2013. 33: p. 220-232.
[4] R. Marshall, and K. Farahbakhsh, Systems approaches to integrated solid waste management in developing countries. Waste Management, 2013. 33: p. 988-1003.
[5] UN-HABITAT, "Solid Waste Management in the World’s Cities:Water and Sanitation in the World’s Cities 2010”, Earth scan for and on behalf of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, London. 2010.
[6] M.A. Memon, Integrated solid waste management based on the 3R approach. Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2010. 12: p. 30-40.
[7] A. Lemma, "Household Solid Waste Generation Rate and Composition Analysis in two Selected Kebeles of Adama Town”. MSc. Thesis, (Unpublished) Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa. 2007.
[8] M. J. Krause and T. G. Townsend, Rapid Waste Composition Studies for the Assessment of Solid Waste Management Systems in Developing Countries. Waste Resources, 2014. 4(2): p.1-6.
[9] D. Zhu,P.U. Asnani, C.Zurbrugg, S. Anapolskyand S. Mani, "Improving Solid Waste Management in India: A Sourcebook for Policy Makers and Practitioners”, The World Bank, Washington, DC. 2008.
[10] D.C. Wilson, Development drivers for waste management. Waste Management and Research, 2007. 25: p. 198-207.
[11] Henry, R.K., Yongsheng, Z., Jun, D., Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing countries-Kenyan case study. Waste Management, 2006. 26: p. 92-100.
[12] M.R.A. Moghadam, N. Mokhtarani, and B. Mokhtarani, Municipal solid waste management in Rasht City. Iran Waste Management, 2009. 29: p. 485-489.
[13] S. Chung, and C. Lo, Local waste management constraints and waste administrators in China. Waste Management, 2008. 28: p. 272-281.
[14] Y. Zhuang, S.W. Wu, Y.L. Wang, W.Z. Wu, and Y.X. Chen, Source separation of household waste: a case study in China. Waste Management, 2008. 28: p. 2022-2030.
[15] T. Hazra, and S. Goel, Solid waste management in Kolkata, India: practices and challenges. Waste Management, 2009. 29: p. 470-478.
[16] A. Scheinberg, "Value added: modes of sustainable recycling in the modernisation of waste management systems”. Ph.D. Wageningen University, Netherlands. 2011.
[17] D. Pokhrel, and T. Viraraghavan, Municipal solid waste management in Nepal: practices and challenges. Waste Management, 2005. 25: p. 555- 562.
[18] UNEP, "Integrated Waste Management Scoreboard; A Tool to Measure Performance in Municipal Solid Waste Management”. Nairobi, Kenya. 2005.
[19] Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), "Solid Waste Management Proclamation”, Federal Negarit Gazeta of the FDRE, Proclamation No. 513/2007. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[20] Green Environmental Consultant, "Implementing market-based municipal solid waste management study in Adama”. In collaboration with FDRE Ministry of Urban works and Plan development and Adama city administration, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2010.
[21] UNDP, "Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities”. UNDP Urban Harvest Working PaperSeries, Paper No. 1. New York. 2004.
[22] National Meteorological Service Agency (NMSA), "Annual Report”. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2006.
[23] Central Statistical Authority, "Household consumption and expenditure survey 2010/11”, Statistical Bulletin (No. 563). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2012.
[24] W.G. Cochran, Sampling Techniques. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Willey and sons, Inc. New York, 1977.
[25] D. Wells, "Environmental Policy: Abnormal Perspective to the Twenty First Century.” New Jersey, USA. 1996.