Phase Diagram Including a Negative Pressure Region for a Thermotropic Liquid Crystal in a Metal Berthelot Tube

Authors: K. Hiro, T. Wada

Abstract:

Thermodynamic properties of liquids under negative pressures are interesting and important in fields of scienceand technology. Here, phase transitions of a thermotropic liquid crystal are investigatedin a range from positive to negative pressures with a metal Berthelot tube using a commercial pressure transducer.Two co-existinglines, namely crystal (Kr) –nematic (N), and isotropic liquid (I) - nematic (N) lines, weredrawn in a pressure - temperature plane. The I-N line was drawn to ca. -5 (MPa).

Keywords: Berthelot method, liquid crystal, negative pressure.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1093712

References:

[1] F. Caupin and A. D. Stroock, "The Stability Limit and Other Open Questions on Water at Negative Pressure (Book style with paper title and editor),” in Liquid Polymorphism: Advances in Chemical Physics, 1st ed. vol. 152, H. E. Stanley, Ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2013, pp. 51–80.
[2] A. R. Imre, H. J. Maris, and P. R. Williams, "Introduction,” in Liquids Under NegativePressure, vol. 84, A. R. Imre, H. J. Maris, and P. R. Williams, Eds. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. pp. ix-xi.
[3] A. T. J. Hayward, "Negative Pressure in Liquids: Can It Be Harnessed to Serve Man? ,” Am. Scient. vol.59, pp. 434-443, 1971.
[4] H. N. V. Temperley and L. I.G. Chambers, "The behaviour of water under hydrostatic tension: I,” Proc. Phys. Soc. vol. 58, pp. 420-436, 1946.
[5] K. Hiro, Y. Ohde and Y. Tanzawa, "Stagnations of increasing trends in negative pressure with repeated cavitation in water/metal Berthelot tubes as a result of mechanical sealing,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.vol.36,pp. 592-597, 2003.
[6] Y Ohde, H Watanabe, K hiro, K Motoshita and Y Tanzawa, "Raising of negative pressure to around -200 bar for some organic liquids in a metal Berthelot tube,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 26, pp. 1088-1191, 1993.
[7] Y. Ohde, Y. Tanzawa, K. Motoshita and K. Hiro, "Thermobarometry for 4’-n-Octylbiphenyl-4-carbonitrile in Metal Tube Berthelot Method and Polymorphism in Crystalline Phase of 4’-n-Octylbiphenyl-4-carbonitrile Found through Cooling Paths in Negative –Pressure Range,”Jpn. J. Appl. Phys,vol. 47, pp. 5591-5601, 2008.
[8] K. Hiro, T. Wada, and K. Kumagai, "Temperatures of maximum density in a pressure range from 15 MPa to -15 MPa generated for water in a metal Berthelot tube,” Physics and Chemistry of Liquids,vol.52, pp. 37-45, 2014.
[9] K. Hiro, T. Wada, "Phase Diagram of Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Including Negative Pressure Region Generated in Metal Berthelot Tube,” Solid State Phenomena, vols. 181-182, pp. 22-25, 2012.
[10] Y. Ohde, M. Ikemizu, H. Okamoto, W. Hosokawa, and T. Ando, "The two-stage increase in negative pressure with repeated cavitation for water in a metal Berthelot tube,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 21, pp. 1540, 1998.
[11] S. J. Rzoska, and A. D. Rzoska, "On the Tricritical Point of the Isotropic – Nematic Transition in aRod-Like Mesogen Hidden in the NegativePressure Region,” in Liquids Under Negative Pressure, vol. 84, A. R. Imre, H. J. Maris, and P. R. Williams, Eds. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. pp. 117-125.
[12] B. E. Richard, and D. H. Trevena, "The measurement of positive and negative pressures in a liquid contained in a Berthelot tube,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 9, pp. 123, 1976.