Future Housing Energy Efficiency Associated with the Auckland Unitary Plan

Authors: Bin Su

Abstract:

The draft Auckland Unitary Plan outlines the future land used for new housing and businesses with Auckland population growth over the next thirty years. According to Auckland Unitary Plan, over the next 30 years, the population of Auckland is projected to increase by one million, and up to 70% of total new dwellings occur within the existing urban area. Intensification will not only increase the number of median or higher density houses such as terrace house, apartment building, etc. within the existing urban area but also change mean housing design data that can impact building thermal performance under the local climate. Based on mean energy consumption and building design data, and their relationships of a number of Auckland sample houses, this study is to estimate the future mean housing energy consumption associated with the change of mean housing design data and evaluate housing energy efficiency with the Auckland Unitary Plan.

Keywords: Auckland Unitary Plan, Building thermal design, Housing design, Housing energy efficiency.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1337295

References:

[1] J. Morrissey, T. Moore and R.E. Horne, "Affordable passive solar design in a temperate climate: an experiment in residential building orientation.” Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 568-577, 2011.
[2] R. Gupta and R. B. Ralegaonkar, "Estimation of beam radiation for optimal orientation and shape decision of buildings in India.” Architectural Journal of Institution of Engineers India, vol. 85, pp. 27-32, 2004.
[3] I. G. Capeluto, "Energy performance of the self-shading building envelope.” Energy and Buildings, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 27-36, 2003.
[4] T. Mingfang, "Solar control for buildings. Building and Environment.” vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 659-664, 2002.
[5] U. T. Aksoy, M. Inalli, "Impacts of some building passive design parameters on heating demand for a cold region.” Building and Environment, vol. 41, pp. 1742-1754, 2006.
[6] W. Marks, "Multicriteria optimisation of shape of energy-saving buildings.” Building and Environment, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 331-339, 1997.
[7] M. Adamski, "Optimization of the form of a building on an oval base.” Building and Environment, vol. 42, pp. 1632-1643, 2007.
[8] G. A. Fluorides, S. A. Tasso, S. A. Kalogeria and L. C. Frobel, "Measures used to lower building energy consumption and their cost effectiveness.” Applied Energy, vol. 73, pp. 299-328, 2002.
[9] P. Depicter, C. Menes, J. Virgin and S. Lepers, "Design of building shape and energetic consumption.” Building and Environment, vol. 36, pp. 627-635, 2001.
[10] G. Manioglu and Z. Yilmaz, "Economic evaluation of the building envelope and operation period of heating system in terms of thermal comfort.” Energy and Buildings, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 266-272, 2006.
[11] H. Radhi, "A systematic methodology for optimising the energy performance of buildings in Bahrain.” Energy and Buildings, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1297-1303, 2008.
[12] J. Smeds and M. Wall, "Enhanced energy conservation in houses through high performance design.” Energy and Buildings, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 273-278, 2007.
[13] L. Caldas, "Generation of energy-efficient architecture solutions applying GENE_ARCH: An evolution-based generative design system.” Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 59-70, 2008.
[14] J. F. Karlsson and B. Moshfegh, "Energy demand and indoor climate in a low energy building – changed control strategies and boundary conditions.” Energy and Buildings, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 315-326, 2006.
[15] C. Simonson, "Energy consumption and ventilation performance of a naturally ventilated ecological house in a cold climate.” Energy and Buildings, vol. 37, no. 1, pp.23-35, 2005.
[16] M. Wall, "Energy-efficient terrace houses in Sweden simulations and measurements. Energy and Buildings,” vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 627-634, 2006.
[17] A. Schuler, C. Weber and U. Fahl, "Energy consumption for space heating of West-German households: empirical evidence, scenario projections and policy implications.” Energy Policy, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 877-894, 2007.
[18] H. Tommerup, J. Rose and S. Svendsen, "Energy-efficient houses built according to the energy performance requirements introduced in Denmark in 2006.” Energy and Buildings, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1123-1130, 2007.
[19] J. Clarke, Energy simulation in building design. UK: Butterworth Heinemann, 2001.
[20] SNZ, New Zealand Standard 4218-2004: Energy Efficiency – Small building envelope. Wellington: Standards New Zealand, 2004.
[21] B. Su, "Energy efficiency design for the house with temporary heating and winter daytime cross ventilation.” The International Journal of Ventilation, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 109-116, 2009.
[22] B. Su, "The impact strength of building passive design on housing energy efficiency.” Architectural Science Review, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 270-276, 2011.
[23] DBH, Compliance Document for New Zealand Building Code, Clause G7, Natural Light. Wellington: Department of Building and Housing, 2006