The Relation between Proactive Coping and Well-Being: An Example of Middle-Aged and Older Learners from Taiwan
Authors: Ya-Hui Lee, Ching-Yi Lu, Hui-Chuan Wei
Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to explore the relation between proactive coping and well-being of middle-aged adults. We conducted survey research that with t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression to analyze. This research drew on a sample of 395 participants from the senior learning centers of Taiwan. The results provided the following findings: 1.The participants from different residence areas associated significant difference with proactive coping, but not with well-being. 2. The participants’ perceived of financial level associated significant difference with both proactive coping and well-being. 3. There was significant difference between participants’ income and well-being. 4. The proactive coping was positively correlated with well-being. 5. From stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that two dimensions of proactive coping had positive predictability. Finally, these results of this study can be provided as references for designing older adult educational programs in Taiwan.
Keywords: Middle-age adults, learners, proactive coping, well-being.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1093271
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1962References:
[1] Ministry of the Interior (2009). 98 years old Survey Summary analysis. Retrieved from http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/Survey/list.html.
[2] L.G. Aspinwall, & S. E. Taylor (1997).A Stitch in Time: Self-Regulation and Proactive Coping. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 417-436.
[3] C. Ouwehand, D. T. D. de Ridder, & J. M. Bensing (2007). A review of successful aging models: Proposing proactive coping as an important additional strategy. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(8), 873-884.
[4] R. Ranzijn (2011). Proactive Coping in Community-Dwelling Older Australians. Ageing and Human Development, 72(2), 155-168.
[5] R. Schwarzer, & S. Taubert (2002). Tenacious goal pursuits and striving toward personal growth: Proactive coping. In E. Frydenberg (Ed.), Beyond coping: Meeting goals, visions and challenges (pp. 19-35). London: Oxford University Press.
[6] E. R. Greenglass (2002). Chapter 3.Proactive coping. In E. Frydenberg (Ed.), Beyond coping: Meeting goals, vision, and challenges (pp. 37-62).London: Oxford University Press.C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Lab., Boulder, CO, private communication, May 1995.
[7] C. Bode, D. T. D. de Ridder, & J. M. Bensing (2006). Preparing for aging: Development, feasibility and preliminary results of an educational program for midlife and older based on proactive coping theory. Patient Education and Counseling, 61(2), 272-278.
[8] C. Bode, D. T. D. de Ridder, R. G. Kuijer, & J. M. Bensing (2007). Effects of an intervention promoting proactive coping competencies in middle and late adulthood. The Gerontologist, 47(1), 42-51.
[9] C. Ouwehand, D. T. D. de Ridder, & J. M. Bensing (2009). Who can afford to look to the future? The relationship between socio-economic status and proactive coping. European Journal of Public Health, 19(4), 412-417.
[10] E. R. Greenglass, & L. Fiksenbaum (2009). Proactive Coping, Positive Affect, and Well-Being Testing for Mediation Using Path Analysis. European Psychologist, 14(1), 29-39.
[11] F.M. Andrews, & S.B. Withey (1976). Social indicators of well-being: America’s perception of life quality. New York: Plenum.
[12] R. Veenhoven (1984). Conditions of happiness. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
[13] R. Veenhoven (1994). Is happiness a trait? Tests of the theory that a better society does not make people any happier. Social Indicators Research, 32, 101-160.
[14] C. D. Ryff (1989). Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
[15] L. Lu (1998). The meaning, measure, and correlates of happiness among Chinese people. Proceedings of the National Science Council: Part C, 8, 115-137.
[16] S. C. Wu (2010). The study of the relationship among daily competence, problem solving strategy and well-being of elder learners. National Chung Cheng University Institute of Adult and Continuing Education doctoral thesis, unpublished, Chiayi County.
[17] P. Demakakos, A. McMunn, & A. Steptoe (2010). Well-being in older age: a multidimensional perspective. In J. Banks, C. Lessof, J. Nazroo, N. Rogers, M. Stafford, & A. Steptoe (Eds.), Financial circumstances, health and well-being of the older population in England. The 2008 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. (pp. 115–177). London: Institute for fiscal studies.
[18] P. Hills, & M. Argyle (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1073-1082.
[19] L. G. Aspinwall (2005). The psychology of future-oriented thinking: from achievement to proactive coping, adaptation, and aging. Motivation & Emotion, 29(4), 203-235.
[20] C. Ouwehand, D. T. D. de Ridder, & J. M. Bensing (2008). Individual differences in the use of proactive coping strategies by middle-aged and older adults. Personality & Individual Differences, 45(1), 28-33.
[21] P. M. Lewinsohn, D. N. Klein, & J. R. Seeley (2005). Association of parental depression with psychiatric course from adolescence to young adulthood among formerly depressed individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 409-420.
[22] X. Q. Zhong (2010). The Study of Learning Efficiency and Sense of Happiness of Senior Citizens of Greater Tainan. National Chung Cheng University Institute of Adult and Continuing Education doctoral thesis, unpublished, Chiayi County.
[23] S. M. Smedema, D. Catalano, & D. Ebener. (2010). The relationship of coping, self-worth, and subjective well-being: a structural equation model. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 53, 131-142.
[24] E. Kahana, J. K. Moorre, & B. Kahana (2012). Proactive aging: A longitudinal study of stress, resources, agency, and well-being in late life. Aging & Mental Health, 16(4), 438-451.