Prediction of Soil Liquefaction by Using UBC3D-PLM Model in PLAXIS

Authors: A. Daftari, W. Kudla

Abstract:

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength  and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid  cyclic loading. Liquefaction and related phenomena have been  responsible for huge amounts of damage in historical earthquakes  around the world.  Modeling of soil behavior is the main step in soil liquefaction  prediction process. Nowadays, several constitutive models for sand  have been presented. Nevertheless, only some of them can satisfy this  mechanism. One of the most useful models in this term is  UBCSAND model. In this research, the capability of this model is  considered by using PLAXIS software. The real data of superstition  hills earthquake 1987 in the Imperial Valley was used. The results of  the simulation have shown resembling trend of the UBC3D-PLM  model. 

Keywords: Liquefaction, Plaxis, Pore-Water pressure, UBC3D-PLM.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1090976

References:

[1] National Research Council (NRC), "Liquefaction of Soils During Earthquakes”, Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1985.
[2] A. Daftari-Besheli, W. Kudla, "Consideration of Finn-Byrne Formulation in Liquefaction Phenomena”, J. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 78, 2013, pp. 841-848.
[3] R. B. J. Brinkgreve, "Selection of Soil Models and Parameters for Geotechnical Engineering Application”, J. Yamamuro, & V. Kaliakin (Eds.), Geotechnical Special Publication, 128, Soil Constitutive Models: Evaluation, Selection, and Calibration Virginia: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005, pp.69-98.
[4] H. F. Schweiger, "The Role of Advanced Constitutive Models in Geotechnical Engineering”, J. Geomechanics and Tunneling, 1(5), 2008, pp.336-344.
[5] D. M. Wood, "Soil Behavior and Critical State Soil Mechanics”, New York and Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
[6] D. M. Wood, "Geotechnical Modeling”. London and New York: Spon Press, 2004.
[7] R. I. Borja, S. R. Lee, "Cam-clay plasticity, part I: Implicit Integration of Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Relations”, J. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 78(1), 1990, pp. 49-72.
[8] R. I. Borja, "Cam-Clay Plasticity, Part II: Implicit Integration of Constitutive Equation Based On a Nonlinear Elastic Stress Predictor”, J. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 88(2), 1991, pp. 225-240.
[9] R. I.Borja, K. M.Sama, P. F. Sanz, "On the Numerical Integration of ThreeInvariantElastoplastic Constitutive Models”, J. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 192(9-10), 2003, pp. 1227-1258.
[10] J. Clausen, L. Damkilde, L. Andersen, "Efficient Return Algorithms for Associated Plasticity with Multiple Yield Planes”, J. Numerical Methods in Engineering, 66(6), 2006, pp. 1036-1059.
[11] L. X. Luccioni, J. M. Pestana, A. Rodriguez-Marek, "Implicit Integration Algorithm for the Finite Element Implementation of a Nonlinear Anisotropic Material Model Including Hysteretic Nonlinearity”, J. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190(13-14), 2000, pp. 1827-1844.
[12] M. Nazem, D. Sheng, J. P. Carter, "Stress Integration and Mesh Refinement for Large Deformation in Geomechanics”, J. Numerical Methods in Engineering, 65(7), 2006, pp. 1002-1027.
[13] D. Sheng, S. W. Sloan, H. S. Yu, "Aspects of Finite Element Implementation of Critical State Models”, J. Computational Mechanics, 26(2), 2000, pp. 185-196.
[14] J. C. Simo, R. L. Taylor, "Return Mapping Algorithm for Plane Stress elastoplasticity”, J. Numerical Methods in Engineering, 22(3), 1986, pp. 649-670.
[15] S. W. Sloan, A. J. Abbo, D, Sheng, "Refined Explicit Integration of Elastoplastic Models with Automatic Error Control”, J. Engineering Computations. 18(1/2), 2001, pp. 121-154.
[16] J. Zhao, D. Sheng, M. Rouainia, S. W. Sloan, "Explicit Stress Integration of Complex Soil Models”, J. Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 29(12), 2005, pp. 1209-1229.
[17] M. H. Beaty, P. M. Byrne, "UBCSAND Constitutive Model Version 904aR”, Retrieved from Itasca Website: http://www.itasca-udm.com/media/download/UBC Sand/UBCSAND_UDM_Documentation.pdf, 2011.
[18] M. H. Beaty, V. G. Perlea, "Effect of Ground Motion Characteristics on Liquefaction Modeling of Dams”, P. Geo congress, State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, USA, 2012, pp. 2108-2117.
[19] M. James, M. Aubertin, "The use of Waste Rock Inclusions to Improve the Seismic Stability of Tailings Impoundments”, P. Geo Congress, State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, USA, 2012, pp. 4166-4175.
[20] M. James, "The use of Waste Rock Inclusions to Control the Effects of Liquefaction in Tailings Impoundments”, Doctoral Thesis, EcolePolytechnique, Montreal, Canada, 2009.
[21] T. D. Stark, M. H. Beaty, P. M. Byrne, G. Castro, F. C. Walberg, V. G. Perlea, D. L. Mathews, "Seismic Deformation Analysis of Tuttle Creek Dam”, J. Canadian Geotechnical, 49(3), 2012, pp. 323-343.
[22] A. Petalas, V. Galavi, "PLAXIS Liquefaction Model UBC3D-PLM”, Retrieved from PLAXIS Website: http://kb.plaxis.nl/models/udsm-ubcsand3d-model. 2013.
[23] H. Puebla, P. M. Byrne, R. Phillips, "Analysis of CANLEX Liquefaction Embankment: Prototype and Centrifuge Models”, J. Can Geotech , 34, 1997, pp. 641-654.
[24] M. H. Beaty, P. M. Byrne PM, "An Effective Stress Model for Predicting Liquefaction Behaviourof Sand”, Geotechnical Special Publication, 75(I), 1998, pp. 766-777.
[25] M. Seid-Karbasi, P. M. Byrne, "Embankment Dams and Earthquakes”, J. Hydropower and Dams, 11, 2004, pp. 96-102.
[26] P. M. Byrne, M. Seid-Karbasi, "Seismic Stability of Impoundments”, P. 17th Annual Symposium, Vancouver Geotechnical Society, Vancouver, BC, 2003.
[27] Earth Technology Corporation, "Accuracy of the Pore-Water Pressures recorded at Wildlife Site during Magnitude 6.6 Imperial Valley Earthquake of 24 November 1987”, 1991.
[28] B. Hushmand, R. F. Scott, C. B. Crouse, "In-situ Calibration of USGS Piezometer Installations in Recent Advances in Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, and Testing in Soil Dynamics”, S. K. Bhatia and G. W. Blaney
[Eds], ASCE Spec. 29, 1991, pp. 49-61.
[29] B, Hushmand, R. F. Scott, C. B. Crouse, "In-Place Calibration of USGS Pore Pressure Transducers at Wildlife Liquefaction Site, California, USA”, P. 10th Earthquake Engineering World Conference, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1992, pp. 1263-1268.
[30] T. L. Youd, T. L. Holzer, "Piezometer performance at Wildlife liquefaction site, California”, J. Geot. Eng. ASCE, 120, 1994, pp. 975-995.
[31] R. F. Scott, B. Hushmand, "Discussion of Piezometer at Wildlife Liquefaction site by T.L Youd and T. L. Holzer”, J. Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 121, 1995, pp. 912-919.