Improvement of Salt Tolerance in Saudi Arabian Wheat by Seed Priming or Foliar Spray with Salicylic Acid

Authors: Saad M. Howladar, Mike Dennett

Abstract:

The effect of exogenous application; seed priming or foliar spraying of salicylic acid (SA) on Yecora Rojo and Paragon wheat cv. under NaCl-salinity. Gas exchange parameters, growth parameters, yield and yield components were reduced in both cultivars under salinity stress with foliar spray and soaking seeds. Exogenous application of SA through foliar spraying or seed soaking showed a slight increases or decreases with the application method or between cultivars. SA foliar spraying exhibited a slight improvement over SA seed soaking in most parameters, particularly in Paragon. Although, seed soaking was less effective than foliar spraying, it was a slightly better with Yecora Rojo in some parameters. However, the low SA concentration; 0.5mM tended to improve most parameters in both cultivars. From data of the experiment, it has been concluded that the effect of SA depends on cultivar genotype and SA concentration.

Keywords: Salinity, Salicylic acid, Growth parameters, yield components, Wheat cultivars.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1090569

References:

[1] Gooding MJ, Davies WP (1997) An introduction to the utilization, development and production of wheat. In MJ Gooding, ed, Wheat production and utilization. CAB International, Oxford, pp 1-59.
[2] Flowers TJ (2004) Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany 55: 307-319.
[3] Qarooni J (1995) Wheat usage in the Middle East and North Africa. In H Faridi, J Faubion, eds, Wheat and uses around the world. American Association of cereal Chemists, St. Paul, Minnesota.
[4] FAO (2010) Production crops. http://faostat.fao.org/site. Accessed on 22/06/2010. In FAOSTAT. UN.
[5] Muousa E, Al-Mohizea I (1987) Bread baking in Saudi Arabia. Cereal foods world 32: 614-620.
[6] Alyamani MS (1999) Salinity problem of groundwater in the wadi tharad basin, Saudi Arabia. GeoJournal 48: 291-297.
[7] Subyani A (2005) Hydrochemical identification and salinity problem of ground-water in Wadi Yalamlam basin, western Saudi Arabia. Journal of Arid Environments 60: 53-66.
[8] El-Juhany L, Aref I (2005) Interactive effects of low water supply and high salt concentration on the growth and dry matter partitioning of Conocarpus erectus seedlings. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 12: 147-157.
[9] Greenway H, Munns R (1980) Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Anuual Review of Plant Physiology 31: 149-190.
[10] Zapata PJ, Serrano M, Pretel MT, Amorós A, Botella MÁ (2003) Changes in ethylene evolution and polyamine profiles of seedlings of nine cultivars of Lactuca sativa L. in response to salt stress during germination Plant Science 164: 557-563.
[11] Khatkar D, Kuhad M (2000) Short-term salinity induced changes in two wheat cultivars at different growth stages. Biologia Plantarum 43: 629-632.
[12] Chhipa B, Lal P (1995) Na+/K+ ratios as the basis of salt tolerance in wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46: 533-539.
[13] Cramer GR, Alberico GJ, Schmidt C (1994) Salt tolerance is not associated with sodium accumulation of 2 maize hybrids. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 21: 675-692.
[14] El-Hendawy S, Hu Y, Schmidhalter U (2005) Growth, ion content, gas exchange, and water relation of wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerances. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56: 123-134.
[15] Shakirova F, Sakhabutdinova A, Bezrukova M, Fatkhutdinova R, Fatkhutdinova D (2003) Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science 164: 317-322.
[16] Sharma N, Gupta N, Gupta S, Hasgawa H (2005) Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and oxidative stress tolerance in contrasting wheat genotypes. Photosynthetica 43: 609-613.
[17] Iqbal M, Ashraf M (2005) Presowing seed treatment with Cytokinin and its effect on growth, photosynthetic rate, ionic levels and yield of two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology (Formerly Acta Botanica Sinica) 47: 1315-1325.
[18] Asadi A, Khiabani B (2007) Valuation of salt tolerance based on morphological and yield traits in wheat cultivars and mutants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 9: 693-700.
[19] Hameed A, Naseer S, Iqbal T, Syed H, Ahsanulhaq M (2008) Effects of NaCl salinity on seedling growth, senescence, catalase and protease activities in two wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerance. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40: 1043-1051.
[20] Moud A, Maghsoudi K (2008) Salt stress effects on respiration and growth of germinated seeds of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4: 351-358.
[21] Harris B, Sadras V, Tester M (2010) A water-centred framework to assess the effects of salinity on the growth and yield of wheat and barley. In Plant and Soil. Springer.
[22] Perveen S, Shahbaz M, Ashraf M (2010) Regulation in gas exchange and quantum yield of photosystem (PSII) in salt-stressed and non-stressed wheat plants raised from seed treated with triacontanol. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42: 3073-3081.
[23] Afzal I, Basra S, Farooq M, Nawaz A (2006) Alleviation of salinity stress in spring wheat by hormonal priming with ABA, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 8: 23-28.
[24] Dolatabadian A, Sanavy S, Sharifi M (2009) Effect of salicylic acid and salt on wheat seed germination. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B- Soil and Plant Science 59: 456-464.
[25] Khodary S (2004) Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt stressed maize plant. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 6: 5-8.
[26] Singh B, Usha K (2003) Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedling under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation 39: 137-141.
[27] Sakhabutdinova AR, Fatkhutdinova DR, Bezrukova MV, Shakirova FM (2003) Salicylic acis prevents the damaging action of stress factors on wheat plants. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology (Special Issue) 314-319.
[28] El-Tayeb M (2005) Response of barley grains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation 45: 215-224.
[29] Hamada A, Al-Hakimi A (2001) Salicylic acid versus salininty-drought-induced stress on wheat seedling. Rostlinna Vyroba 47: 444-450.
[30] Gunes A, Inal A, Alpaslan M, Eraslan F (2007) Salicylic acid induced changes on some physyiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology 164: 728-736.
[31] Hamayun M, Khan S, Khan A, Shinwari Z, Hussain J, Sohn E, Kang S, Kim Y, Khan M, Lee I (2010) Effect of salt stress on growth attributes and endogenous growth hormones of soybean cultivar hwangkeumkong. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42: 3103-3112.
[32] Wilson C, Read J, Abo-Kassem E (2002) Effect of mixed-salt salinity on growth and ion relations of a quinoa and a wheat variety. Journal of Plant Nutrition 25: 2687-2704.
[33] Khatchadourian H, Sawaya W, Bayoumi M (1985) The chemical composition and rheological properties of flours milled from two major wheat varieties growth in Saudi Arabia. Cereal Chemistry 62: 416-418.
[34] Genc Y, Mcdonald G, Tester M (2007) Reassessment of tissue Na+ concentration as a criterion for salinity tolerance in bread wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment 30: 1486-1498.
[35] NIAB (2007) Pocket guide to varieties of cereals, oilseeds & pulses for Spring 2007. NIAB, Cambridge, UK.
[36] Hegazi A, El-Shraiy A (2007) Impact of salicylic acid and paclobutrazol exogenous application on the growth, yield and nodule formation of common bean. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 1: 834-840.
[37] Noreen S, Ashraf M, Hussain M, Jamil A (2009) Exogenous application of salicylic acid enhances antioxidative capacity in salt stressed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41: 473-479.
[38] Leidi E, Lips S (1990) Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis, 14C-translocation, and yield in wheat plants irrigated with ammonium or nitrate solutions. Irrigation Science 11: 155-161.
[39] Gravano E, Bussotti F, Strasser R, Schaub M, Novak K, Skelly J, Tani C (2004) Ozone symptoms in leaves of wood plants in open-top chambers : ultrastructural and physiological characteristics. Physiologia Plantarum 121: 620-633.
[40] Ortega L, Taleisnik E (2003) Elongation growth in leaf blades of Chloris gayana under saline conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology 160: 517-522.
[41] Delfine S, Alvino A, Zacchini M (1998) Consequences of salt stress on conductance to CO2 diffusion, rubisco characteristics and anatomy of spinach leaves. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25: 395-402.
[42] Ismail A (2003) Effect of salinity on the physiological responses of selected lines/variety of wheat. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51: 1-9.
[43] Hassan I (2004) Interactive effects of salinity and ozone pollution on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, growth, and assimilate partitioning of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Photosynthetica 42: 111-116.
[44] Rivelli A, James R, Munns R, Condon A (2002) Effect of salinity on water relation and growth wheat genotypes with contrasting sodium uptake. Functional Plant Biology 29: 1065-1074.
[45] Romero-Aranda R, Soria T, Cuartero J (2001) Tomato plant-water uptake and plant-water relationships under saline growth conditions. Plant Science 160: 265-272.
[46] Stevens J, Senaratna T (2006) Salicylic acid induces salinity tolerance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Roma): associated changes in gas echange, water relation and membrane stabilisation. Plant Growth Regulation 49: 77-83.
[47] Borsani O, Valpuesta V, Botella M (2001) Evidence for a role of salicylic acid in the oxidative damage generated by NaCl and osmotic stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Physiology 126: 1024-1030.
[48] Najafian S, Khoshkhui M, Tavallali V, Saharkhiz M (2009) Effect of salicylic acid and salinity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.):investigation on changes in gas exchange, water relations, and membrane stabilization and biomass accumulation. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3: 2620-2626.
[49] Iqbal R (2003) Effect of constant and changing salinity environment on different growth parameters in spring wheat. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2: 1112-1117.
[50] Iqbal M, Ashraf M, Jamil A, Shafiq-ur-Rehman (2006) Does seed priming induce changes in the levels of some endogenous plant hormones in Hexaploid wheat plants under salt stress? Journal of Integrative Plant Biology (Formerly Acta Botanica Sinica) 48: 181-189.
[51] El-Khallal S, Hathout T, Ashour A, Kerrit A (2009) Brassinolide and salicylic acid induced growth, biochemical activities and productivity of maize plants growth under salt stress. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 5: 380-390.
[52] Hu Y, Oertli J, Schmidhalter U (1997) Interaction effects of salinity and macronutrient level on wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition 20: 1155-1167.
[53] Jamenez M, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Morales D, Cid M (1997) Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for salt stress detection in roses. Photosynthetica 33: 291-301.
[54] Bie Z, Ito T, Shinohara Y (2004) Effects of sodium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate on the growth, gas exchange and mineral composition of lettuce. Scientia Horticulturae 99: 215-224.
[55] Zoppo M, Galleschi L, Onnis A, Pardossi A, Saviozzi F (1999) Effect of salinity on water relation, sodium accumulation, chlorophyll content and proteolytic enzymes in a wild wheat. Biologia Plantarum 42: 97-104.
[56] Saneoka H, Shiota K, Kurban H, Chaudhury M, Premachandra G, Fujita K (1999) Effect of salinity on growth and solute accumulation in two wheat lines differing in salt tolerance. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 45: 873-880.
[57] Akram M, Akhtar S, Javed I, Wahid A, Rasul E (2002) Anatomical attribtes of different wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions / varieties to NaCl salinity. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4: 166-168.
[58] Sairam R, Rao K, Srivastava G (2002) Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidatant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science 163: 1037-1046.
[59] Arfan M, Athar H, Ashraf M (2007) Does exogenous application of salicylic acid through the rooting medium modulate growth and photosynthetic capacity in two differently adapted spring wheat cultivars under salt stress? Journal of Plant Physiology 164: 685-694.
[60] Salama S, Trivedi S, Busheva M, Arafa A, Garab G, Erdei L (1994) Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, cation accumulation, chloroplast structure and function in wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology 144: 241-247.
[61] Mansour M, Salama K (1996) Comparative responses to salinity in wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerance. 1-seedling growth and mineral. Egyptian Journal of Physiology 20: 1-15.
[62] Fariduddin Q, Hayat S, Ahmad A (2003) Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, caraboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica 41: 281-284.
[63] Yildirim E, Turan M, Guvenc I (2008) Effect of foliar salicylic acid application on growth, chlorophyll, and mineral content of cucumber grown under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31: 593-612.
[64] Poustini K, Siosemardehb A (2004) Ion distribution in wheat cultivars in response to salinity stress. Field Crops Research 85: 125-133.
[65] Gurbanov E, Molazem D (2009) Effects of saline stress on growth and crop yield of different maize (Zea mays) genotypes. Visnyk of of Dnipropetrovsk University, Biologu.Ecology 17: 9-14.
[66] Amin A, El-Sh R, Gharib F (2008) Changes in morphological, physiological and reproductive characters of wheat plants as affected by foliar application with salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2: 252-261.
[67] Abd El-Wahed M, Amin A, El-Sh R (2006) Physiological effect of some bioregulators on vegetative growth, yield and chemical constituents of yellow maize plants. World Journal of Agricultral Sciences 2: 149-155.