Novel Nanomagnetic Beads Based - Latex Agglutination Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis Haematobium

Authors: Ibrahim Aly , Rabab Zalat, Bahaa EL Deen W. El Aswad, Ismail M. Moharm , Basam M. Masoud, Tarek Diab

Abstract:

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the novel nanomagnetic beads based–latex agglutination assay (NMB-LAT) as a simple test for diagnosis of S. haematobium as well as standardize the novel nanomagnetic beads based –ELISA (NMB-ELISA). According to urine examination this study included 85 S. haematobium infected patients, 30 other parasites infected patients and 25 negative control samples. The sensitivity of novel NMB-LAT was 82.4% versus 96.5% and 88.2% for NMB-ELISA and currently used sandwich ELISA respectively. The specificity of NMB-LAT was 83.6% versus 96.3% and 87.3% for NMB-ELISA and currently used sandwich ELISA respectively. In conclusion, the novel NMB-ELISA is a valuable applicable diagnostic technique for diagnosis of human schistosomiasis haematobium. The novel NMB-ELISA assay is a suitable applicable diagnostic method in field survey especially when followed by ELISA as a confirmatory test in query false negative results. Trials are required to increase the sensitivity and specificity of NMB-ELISA assay.

Keywords: Diagnosis, Latex agglutination, Nanomagnetic beads, Sandwich ELISA.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1336230

References:

[1] C. H. King, "Toward the Elimination of Schistosomiasis”, N. Engl. J. Med, 2009. vol. 36 (2), pp. 106-109.
[2] WHO, "Gearing up to eliminate schistosomiasis with increased donation of praziquantel from Merck KGaA” .WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. 2012. pp., 118 – 122.
[3] H. Feldmeier, G. Poggensee, "Diagnostic techniques in schistosomiasis control – a review”. Acta Trop 1993, Vol. 52 pp., 205–220.
[4] R. Bergquist, M. V. Johansen, J. Utzinger "Diagnostic dilemmas in helminthology: what tools to use and when?” Trends Parasitol 2009, vol. 25. pp. 151–156.
[5] J. Utzinger, E. K. N’Goran, C. R. Caffrey, J. Keiser, "From innovation to application: social-ecological context, diagnostics, drugs and integrated control of schistosomiasis”. Acta Trop 2011, vol. 120 (Suppl 1) pp., S121–S137.
[6] WHO, "Soil-transmitted helminthiases: estimates of the numbers of children needing preventive chemotherapy and number treated”, Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2011, vol. 86. pp. 257–268.
[7] WHO, "Schistosomiasis: population requiring preventive chemotherapy and number of people treated in 2010”. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2012, vol. 87. pp. 33–44.
[8] S. Knopp, J. R. Stothard, D. Rollinson, K. Mohammed, I. S. Khamis, H. Marti, J. Utzinger, " From morbidity control to transmission control: time to change tactics against helminths on Unguja island, Zanzibar. Acta Trop 2013, doi:org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.04.010. in press.
[9] D. Rollinson, S. Knopp, S. Levitz, J. R. Stothard, L. A. Tchuem Tchuenté, A. K. Garba, Mohammed, N. Schur, B. Person, D. Colley, "Time to set the agenda for schistosomiasis elimination”. Acta Trop 2013, doi:org/10.1016/j. actatropica.2012.04.013. in press.
[10] L. van Lieshout, U. G. Panday, N. Dejonge, F. W. Krijger, B. F. J. Oostburg, A. M. Polderman, A. M. Deelder, "Immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni in a low endemic area in Surinam by determination of the circulating antigens CAA and CCA”. Acta Trop 1995, vol. 59 p.p., 19–29.
[11] L. van Lieshout, A. M. Polderman, A. M. Deelder, " Immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis by determination of the circulating antigens CAA and CCA, in particular in individuals with recent or light infections”. ”2000, vol. 77 pp. 69–80.
[12] T. Padmavathy , M. Astha , M. B., S. "Swadeshmukul, Nanobioimaging and sensing of infectious diseases”. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2010. vol. 62 pp. 424–437
[13] K.K. Jain, "Nanotechnology in clinical laboratory diagnostics”, Clin. Chim. Acta. 2005. vol. 358. Pp., 37–54.
[14] H.M.E. Azzazy, M.M.H. Mansour, S.C. Kazmierczak, "Nanodiagnostics: a new frontier for clinical laboratory medicine”, Clin. Chem. 2006. vol. 52 pp., 1238–1246.
[15] P.G. Luo, F.J. Stutzenberger, "Nanotechnology in the detection and control ofmicroorganisms”, Advances in Applied Microbiology, 2008, vol. 63, pp. 145–172.
[16] E. Duguet, S. Vasseur, S. Mornet, J.M. Devoisselle, "Magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in medicine”, Nanomedicine 1 2006. Pp. 157–168.
[17] A. Ito, M. Shinkai, H. Honda, T. Kobayashi, "Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles” J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2005. Vol. 100. pp., 1–11.
[18] H. Gu, K. Xu, C. Xu, B. Xu, "Biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles for protein separation and pathogen detection”, Chem. Commun. 2006. vol. pp., 941–949.
[19] A. El-Ansary, L. M. Fadda. "Nanoparticles as biochemical sensors, Nanotechnology”, Science and Applications, 2010. vol. 3 pp. 65–76.
[20] L. K. Martin, P.C. Beaver. 1968. "Evaluation of Kato-thick-smear technique for quantitative diagnosis of helminth infection”. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., vol. 17 pp., 382-391.
[21] D. Erdman, (1981) "Clinical comparison of ethyl acetate and diethyl ether sedimentation technique”. J. Clin. Microbiol. Vo. l4: 483-485.
[22] P.A. Peters, K. Warren, A. F. Mahmoud, "Rapid, accurate quantification of schistosome eggs via nuclopore filters”. J. Parasitol., 1976. Vol. 62 pp. 154-155.
[23] WHO, "Basic laboratory methods in medical parasitology”. WHO Geneva.1999. pp. 34-36.
[24] V. C. Tsang, K. R. Tsang, K. Hancock, M. A. Kelly, B. C. Wilson, S. E. Maddison, "Schistosoma mansoni adult microsomal antigens, a serologic reagent. I. Systematic fractionation, quantitation, and characterization of antigenic components”. J. Immunol., 1983, vol. 130(3). pp., 1359-1365.
[25] V. K. Laemmli. "Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of the bacteriophage T4. Nature”; 1970. vol. 277. pp., 630-634.
[26] B. Takacs, "Electrophoresis of proteins in polyacrylamide slab gels”. In: Lefkovitz, I., Pernis, B. (Eds.), Immunological Methods. Academic Press, New York, 1979. pp. 81–105.
[27] N. I. Ramadan, H. E. Abel Aaty, M. S. Mahmoud, A. El Nori, "An enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay for diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis”. J. Egyp. S. Parasitol., 1999, vol. 29, p.p. 849-857.
[28] E. E. Guobadia, B. O. Fagbemi, "The isolation of F. gigantica-specific antigens and their use in the sero-diagnosis of fascioliasis in sheep by the detection of circulating antigens”. Vet. Parasitol., 1997. vol. 68. Pp., 269-282.
[29] B. O. Fagbemi, O. A. Aderibigbe, E. E. Guobadia, "The use of monoclonal antibody for the immunodianosis of Fasciola gigantica infection in cattle”. Vet Parasitol. 1997. vol. 69. pp., 230–240.
[30] O. Odunuga, S. Alina, "Ammonium sulfate precipitation combined with liquid chromatography is sufficient for purification of bovine serum albumin that is suitable for most routine laboratory applications”. Biochemical compounds.2013. vol.1 pp., 1-6.
[31] D. Sheehan, R. F. Fitz Gerald, "Ion-exchange chromatography”. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1996. vol. 59. pp., 145–150.
[32] M. M. Mckinney, A. A. "Parkinson, simple, non-chromatographic procedure to purify immunoglobulins from ascites fluid”. J Immunol Meth 1987; vol. 96 pp., 271-278.
[33] E. Engvall, P. Perlman, "Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative assay of characterization immunoglobulin G”. Immunochemistry 1971. vol. 8 pp. 871–874
[34] R. B. Ibrahim , S. H. Mohamed , Z. A. Demerdash , T. M. Diab , K. Maher, W. Safwat , Z. A. Shaker, (2010). "Anti-S. mansoni MAb-based Latex Agglutination: A reliable field applicable immunodiagnostic test for screening of active Human Schistosomiasis”. Journal of American Science. 2010., vol.6 (5). pp. 19-27.
[35] X. N. Zhou, L. Y. Wang, M. G. Chen, X. H. Wu, Q. W. Jiang, X. Y. Chen, J. Zheng, "The public health significance and control of schistosomiasis in China then and now” 2005. Acta Trop, vol. 96. pp.97−105.
[36] L. Zhang, X. Yang, Y.Yang, J. Zhao, J. Yang,, F. Liu, Z. Zhang, G. Wu, C. Su, "Characterization of a Partially Protective B-cell Epitope within the 62 kDa Antigen of Schistosoma japonicum”. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 2007. vol.39 (10). pp. 770-778.
[37] M. Corachan, "Schistosomiasis and international travel”. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2002, vol. 35. pp. 446-450.
[38] F. Salah, A. El Bassiouny, I. Rabia, Z. Demerdash, M. Roshdy, Z. Shaker, "Human schistosomiasis haematobium : effective diagnosis of active infection using a pair of monoclonal antibodies against soluble egg antigen” Parasitol. Res. 2006. vol. 99. pp. 528–533.
[39] A. L. Rabello, L.A. Pontes, A. Dias-neto, "Recent advances in the diagnosis of schistosoma infection: the detection of parasite DNA”. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz.2002. vol. 97. pp., 171-172.
[40] N. E. Moustafa , M. H. Hegab, M. M. Hassan, " Role of ELISA in early detection of Fasciola coproantigens in experimentally infected animals”. J. Egypt.Soc. Parasitol., 1998. vol. 28(2). pp., 379-387.
[41] P. Bride, P. Jones, D. Allen, W. Donachie , J. Huntley, I. Mcconnell, J. Hopkins J, "Analysis of the expression and secretion of isotypes of sheep B cell immune oglobulins with a panel of isotype-specific monoclonal antibodies”. Res. Vet. Sci., 1995. vol. 59. pp. 189-194.
[42] Y. B. Yang, K. Harrison, "Influence of column type and chromatographic conditions on the ionexchange chromatography of immunoglobulins”. Chromatography, 1996. vol. 743 pp. 171-180.
[43] A. M. Espino C. M. Finlay, "Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of excretory-secretory antigens in human with fascioliasis”. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1994, vol. 32 pp. 190-193.
[44] R. B. Wescott, C. J. Farrell, D. T. Shen, "Diagnosis of naturally occurring Fasciola hepatica infections in cattle with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay”. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1983, vol. 45. pp. 178-179.
[45] M. G. Chen, K. E. Mott, "Progress of morbidity due to F. hepatica infection: A review of recentliterature”. Trop. Dis. Oswald. Cruz., 1990, vol. 99. pp. 503-507.
[46] G. V. Hillyer , M. Soler de Galanes, J. Rodriguez-Perez , J. Bjorland, M. Silva de Lagrava , S. Ramirez Guzman, R. T. "Bryan, Use of the Falcon assay screening test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and the enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) to determine the prevalence of human Fascioliasis in the Bolivian Altiplano”. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1992. vol. 46. pp. 603-609.
[47] B. O. Fagbemi, E. E. Guobadia, "Immunodiagnosis of fascioliasis in ruminants using a 28-kDa cysteine protease of F. gigantica adult worm”. Vet. Parasitol., 1995. vol. 57. pp. 309-318.
[48] M. L. Sampaio-Silva , J. M. Correia da costa, A. M. Viana da costa, M. A. Pires, S. A. Topes, A. M. Castro, L. Monjour, "Antigenic components of excretory-secretory products of adult Fasciola hepatica recognized in human infections”. Am. J. Trop.Med. Hyg., 1996. vol. 54. pp. 146-148.
[49] S. G. Gundersen , I. Haagensen, T. O. Jonassen, K. J. Figenschau, N. De Jonge , A. M. Deelder, " Magnetic bead antigen capture enzyme-linked immunoassay in microtitre trays for rapid detection of schistosomal circulating anodic antigen”. J. Immunol. Methods, 1992. vol. 148. pp. 1-8.
[50] P. Ndhlovu, H. Cadman, S. G. Gundersen, B. Vennervald, H. Friis, N. Christensen , G.Mutasa G, I., Haagensen, S. K.Chandiwana, A. M. Deelder AM. "Optimization of the magnetic bead antigen capture enzyme immunoassay for the detection of circulating anodic antigens in mixed Schistosoma infections”. Acta Trop., 1995. vol. 59: 223- 235.
[51] L. D. Gray, D. P. Fedorko, "Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis”, Clin Microbiol Rev 1992, vol. 5. pp. 130-145.
[52] S. C. Arya, "Latex agglutination test for the visceral leishmaniasis (letter)”. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1997, vol. 91 p.p.366.
[53] A. K. Bagchi, S. Tiwari, S. Gupta, J. C. Katiyar, "The latex agglutination test. Standardization and comparison with direct agglutination and dot ELISA in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India”. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasitol. 1998, vol. 92. pp. 159-163.
[54] P. Mazumder, H. Y. Chuang, M. W. Wentz, D. L. Wiedbrauk, "Latex agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii”. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1988, vol.26. pp. 2444-2446.
[55] H. Wang , Y. Zhang , J. B.Yan , L. Liu , S. Wang , G. Shen , Y. Ruqin, "Rapid, simple, and sensitive immunoagglutination assay with SiO2 particles and quartz crystal microbalance for quantifying Schistosoma japonicum antibodies”. Clin. Chem. 2006, vol. 52(11). pp. 2065-2071.
[56] M. Barbieri , S. Steria , J. Battisoni , Nieto A, "High performance latex reagent for hydatid serology using an Echinococcus granulosus lipoprotein antigen fraction purified from cyst fluid in one step”. Int. J. Parasitol.. 1993, vol. 23. pp. 565-572.
[57] C. S. Devi, S. C. Parija , "A new serum hydatid antigen detection test for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis”. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, vol. 69(5). pp. 525-528.