Principles of Municipal Sewage Sludge Bioconversion into Biomineral Fertilizer
Authors: K. V. Kalinichenko, G. N. Nikovskaya
Abstract:
The efficiency of heavy metals removal from sewage sludge in bioleaching processes with heterotrophic, chemoautotrophic (sulphur-oxidizing) sludge cenoses and chemical leaching (in distilled water, weakly acidic or alkaline medium) was compared. The efficacy of heavy metals removal from sewage sludge varies from 83 % (Zn) up to 14 % (Cr) and follows the order: Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr. The advantages of metals bioleaching process at heterotrophic metabolism were shown. A new process for bioconversation of sewage sludge into fertilizer at middle temperatures after partial heavy metals removal was developed. This process is based on enhancing vital ability of heterotrophic microorganisms by adding easily metabolized nutrients and synthesis of metabolites by growing sludge cenoses. These metabolites possess the properties of heavy metals extractants and flocculants which provide the enhancement of sludge flocks sedimentation. The process results in biomineral fertilizer of prolonged action with immobilized sludge bioelements. The fertilizer satisfies the EU limits for the sewage sludge of agricultural utilization. High efficiency of the biomineral fertilizer obtained has been demonstrated in vegetation experiments.
Keywords: Fertilizer, heavy metals, leaching, sewage sludge.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1336166
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2585References:
[1] P. A. Vesilind, and L. Spinosa, "Sludge production and characterization. Production and regulations” in Sludge into Biosolids. Processing, Disposal and Utilization, L. Spinosa, P. A. Vesilind, Ed. London: IWA Publishing, 2001, pp 3–18.
[2] A. Berbecea, I. Radulov, and F. Sala, "Agricultural use of sewage sludge pros and cons”, Research Journal of Agricultural, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 15– 20, Apr. 2008.
[3] L. Constantinescu, "Fertilizing agricultural fields with the sludge resulted from sewage water treatment stations”, Research Journal of Agricultural, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 41–44, Apr. 2008.
[4] G. N. Nikovskaya, K. V. Kalinichenko, and Z. R. Ulberg, "Changes in the surface properties and stability of biocolloids of a sludge system upon extraction of heavy metals,” Colloid Journal, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 274–278, May-June 2013.
[5] G. N. Nikovskaya, K. V. Kalinichenko, and Y. P. Boyko, "The change in activated sludge surface properties after heavy metals leaching”, Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 177– 182, July 2013.
[6] G. N. Nikovskaya, K. V. Kalinichenko, and Z. R. Ulberg, "Heavy metals in sludge sediment after biochemical purification of municipal wastewaters”, Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 333–338, October 2011.
[7] G. N. Nikovskaya, Z. R. Ul’berg, and L. A. Koval’ "Colloidochemical processes in biotechnology of heavy metal removal from the soil,” Colloid Journal, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 820–824, Nov.-Dec. 2001.
[8] L. Diels, M. De Smet, and L. Hooyberghs "Heavy metals bioremediation of soil” Molecular Biotechnology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 149–158, June 1999.
[9] F. Shooner, and R. D. Tyagi, "Thermophilic microbial leaching of heavy metals from municipal sludge using indigenous sulphur-oxidizing microbiota”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 440–446, Apr. 1996.
[10] J.-Y. Wang, O. Stabnikova, S. T. L. Tay, V. Ivanov, and J.-H. Tay, "Biotechnology of intensive aerobic conversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer”, Water Sci. Technol., vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 147– 154, Oct. 2004.
[11] K. V. Kalinichenko, G. N. Nikovskaya, and Z. R. Ulberg "Bioextraction of heavy metals from colloidal sludge systems”, Colloid Journal, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 553–557, Sep.-Oct. 2012.
[12] G. N. Nikovskaya, Z. R. Ul’berg, E. N. Borisova, and A. G. Savkin, "The influence of different reclamation agents and microorganisms on the aggregative stability of the colloidal fraction of meadow chernozem soil”, Colloid Journal, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 345–349, May-June 2006.
[13] F. D. Dakora1, and D. A. Phillips, "Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition in low-nutrient environments”, Plant and Soil, vol. 245, no. 1, pp. 35–47, Aug. 2002.