Contact Angle Measurement of the Vinyl Ester Matrix Nanocomposites Based On Layered Silicate
Authors: A. I. Alateyah, H. N. Dhakal, Z. Y. Zhang
Abstract:
Contact angle measurement was utilized in order to study the subject of the wettability and surface chemistry of the nanocomposites materials. Water and glycerol droplets were used in this study. The incorporation of layered silicate into the vinyl ester matrix helped to improve the wettability and reduced the θ values of both liquids used. The addition of 2 wt.% clay loading reduced the θ values of water and glycerol by up to 21% and 6% respectively. Likewise, the incorporation of 4 wt.% clay loading reduced the water and glycerol θ values by 49% and 38% respectively. Also this study confirms the findings in the literature regarding the relationship between the intercalation nanocomposites level and the wettability. Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy were utilised in order to characterise the interlamellar structure of nanocomposites.
Keywords: Vinyl ester, nanocomposites, layered silicate, characterisations, contact angle measurement, wettability.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1089355
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2122References:
[1] T. Yu, Y. Li, and J. Ren, "Preparation and properties of short natural fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites," Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 19, Supplement 3, pp. s651-s655, 12// 2009.
[2] A. I. Alateyah, H. N. Dhakal, and Z. Y. Zhang, "Processing, Properties, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Layer Silicates: A Review " Advances in Polymer Technology, vol. 32, 2013.
[3] J. Z. Liang and C. B. Wu, "Fractal characterization of impact fracture surface of polypropylene nanocomposites," Advances in Polymer Technology, 2012.
[4] S. Wang, Y. Huang, M. Zheng, Y. Wei, S. Huang, and Y. Gu, "Synthesis of MS (M= Zn, Cd, and Pb)–chitosan nanocomposite film via a simulating biomineralization method," Advances in Polymer Technology, vol. 30, pp. 269-275, 2011.
[5] A. B. Morgan and J. W. Gilman, "Characterization of polymer-layered silicate (clay) nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction: A comparative study," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 87, pp. 1329-1338, 2003.
[6] H. Chen, M. Zheng, H. Sun, and Q. Jia, "Characterization and properties of sepiolite/polyurethane nanocomposites," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 445–446, pp. 725-730, 2007.
[7] J. L. Feijoo, L. Cabedo, J. Gimenez, M. Lagaron, and J. J. Saura, "Development of amorphous PLA-montmorillonite nanocomposites," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 40, pp. 1785-1788, 2005.
[8] M. Okamoto, Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites. Shrewsbury: Rapra Technology Limited, 2003.
[9] R. Suprakas Sinha and O. Masami, "Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing," Prog. Polym. Sci, vol. 28, pp. 1539–1641, 2003.
[10] H. W. Cui and G. B. Du, "Preparation and characterization of exfoliated nanocomposite of polyvinyl acetate and organic montmorillonite," Advances in Polymer Technology, 2012.
[11] E. Manias, "Origins of the materials properties enhancements in polymer/clay nanocomposites," Nanocomposites, 2001.
[12] E. P. Giannelis, "Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites," Advanced Materials, vol. 8, pp. 29-35, 1996.
[13] P. C. LeBaron, Z. Wang, and T. J. Pinnavaia, "Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: an overview," Applied Clay Science, vol. 15, pp. 11-29, 1999.
[14] S. Sinha Ray, K. Yamada, M. Okamoto, A. Ogami, and K. Ueda, "New Polylactide/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites. 3. High-Performance Biodegradable Materials," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 15, pp. 1456-1465, 2003/04/01 2003.
[15] M. Alexandre and P. Dubois, "Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials," Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, vol. 28, pp. 1-63, 2000.
[16] S. Sinha Ray and M. Bousmina, "Biodegradable polymers and their layered silicate nanocomposites: In greening the 21st century materials world," Progress in Materials Science, vol. 50, pp. 962-1079, 2005.
[17] E. P. Giannelis, "Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties and applications," John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, vol. 12, pp. 675-680, 1998.
[18] Y. Hu, L. Shen, H. Yang, M. Wang, T. Liu, T. Liang, et al., "Nanoindentation studies on Nylon 11/clay nanocomposites," Polymer Testing, vol. 25, pp. 492-497, 2006.
[19] B. A. Newman, T. P. Sham, and K. D. Pae, "A high‐pressure x‐ray study of Nylon 11," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 48, pp. 4092-4098, 1977.
[20] T. J. Pinnavaia and G. W. Beall, Polymer-clay nanocomposites. Chichester: John Wiley, 2000.
[21] M. Mehrabzadeh and R. P. Burford, "Impact modification of polyamid 11," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 61, pp. 2305-2314, 1996.
[22] C. A. Ittner Mazali and M. I. Felisberti, "Vinyl ester resin modified with silicone-based additives: III. Curing kinetics," vol. 45, pp. 2222-2233, 2009.
[23] I. Southern Clay Products. (11). Cloisite® 10A. Available: http://www.scprod.com/product_bulletins/PB%20Cloisite%2010A.pdf
[24] A. I. Alateyah, H. N. Dhakal, and Z. Y. Zhang, "Water absorption behaviour, mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester matrix nanocomposites based on layered silicate," Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. Accepted, 2013.
[25] S. Sinha Ray, K. Yamada, M. Okamoto, and K. Ueda, "New polylactide-layered silicate nanocomposites. 2. Concurrent improvements of material properties, biodegradability and melt rheology," Polymer, vol. 44, pp. 857-866, 2003.
[26] J.-H. Chang, Y. U. An, D. Cho, and E. P. Giannelis, "Poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites: comparison of their properties with montmorillonite and synthetic mica (II)," Polymer, vol. 44, pp. 3715-3720, 2003.
[27] J. H. Chang and Y. U. An, "Nanocomposites of polyurethane with various organoclays: Thermomechanical properties, morphology, and gas permeability*," Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol. 40, pp. 670-677, 2002.