Efficient Secured Lossless Coding of Medical Images– Using Modified Runlength Coding for Character Representation

Authors: S. Annadurai, P. Geetha

Abstract:

Lossless compression schemes with secure transmission play a key role in telemedicine applications that helps in accurate diagnosis and research. Traditional cryptographic algorithms for data security are not fast enough to process vast amount of data. Hence a novel Secured lossless compression approach proposed in this paper is based on reversible integer wavelet transform, EZW algorithm, new modified runlength coding for character representation and selective bit scrambling. The use of the lifting scheme allows generating truly lossless integer-to-integer wavelet transforms. Images are compressed/decompressed by well-known EZW algorithm. The proposed modified runlength coding greatly improves the compression performance and also increases the security level. This work employs scrambling method which is fast, simple to implement and it provides security. Lossless compression ratios and distortion performance of this proposed method are found to be better than other lossless techniques.

Keywords: EZW algorithm, lifting scheme, losslesscompression, reversible integer wavelet transform, securetransmission, selective bit scrambling, modified runlength coding .

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1073265

References:

[1] Amir said and William A. Pearlman," An Image multiresolution representation for lossy and lossless compression," IEEE Transactions on Image processing, vol.5, pp.1303-1310, Sept.1996.
[2] R.Calderbank, I.Daubechies, W.Sweldens, and B-L.Yeo, " Wavelet transforms that map integers to integers," submitted to Journal of Applied and Computational Harmonics Analysis.
[3] Data Encryption standard, FIPS PUB 46, Jan. 1977.
[4] I.Daubechies and W.Sweldens, "Factoring wavelet transforms into lifting steps," preprint, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 1996.
[5] G.L.Hobbs, "Video Scrambling", U.S.Patent 5815 572, Sep. 29, 1998.
[6] Jun Wang, H.K.Haung, "Medical Image Compression by Using Three- Dimensional Wavelet Transformation", IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,vol. 15, pp.547-554, Aug.1996.
[7] B.Macq and J.Quisquater," Cryptology for digital TV broadcasting", Proc. IEEE, vol.83, pp.944-957, June 1995.
[8] J.Meyer and F.Gadegast, "Security Mechanisms for Multimedia Data with the Example MPEG-1 Video," , http://www.cs.tuberlin.de/phade/phade/secm-peg.html,1995.
[9] J.Shapiro, "Embedded Image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol.41, pp. 3445- 3462, Dec.1993.
[10] Steven Dewritte, Jan Cornelis, Member, "Lossless Integer Wavelet Transform", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol.4.pp.158-160, June 1997.
[11] W.Sweldens, "The Lifting scheme: A custom-design construction of biorthogonal wavelets," Journal of Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis,vol. 3 (2),pp.186-200,1996.
[12] G.K.Wallace," The JPEG still picture compression standard," Comm.ACM,34, 1991, 30-44.
[13] M.J.Weinberger, G.seroussi, and G.Shapiro,"LOCO-I:Alow complexity, context-based lossless image compression algorithm," in Proc.of 1996 Data Compression Conference,1996,pp.140-149.
[14] M.J.Weinberger, J.J.Rissanen and R.B.Arps,"Applications of universal context modeling to lossless compression of gray-scale images," IEEE Trans. Image Processing,5, 1996, 575-586.
[15] Wenjun Zeng,Shawmin Lei, "Efficient Frequency Domain Selective Scrambling of Digital Video", IEEE Transaction on multimedia,vol. 5, March 2003.
[16] S.Wong, L.Zaremba,D.Gooden, and H.K.Huang, "Radiologic image compression -A review," Proc.of the IEEE, vol.83, pp.194- 219,Feb.1995.
[17] X.Wu and N.Menon,"CALIC-A context based adaptive lossless image codec," in Proc.of 1996 International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing, 1996,pp.1890-1893.
[18] D.Zeidler and J.Griffin, "Method and Apparatus for Television Signal Scrambling using Block Shuffling," U.S. Patent 5 321 748, June 14, 1994.
[19] Rafael C.Gonzalez, "Digital Image Processing," 2nded. pp. 343-362, 1992.