Wireless Building Monitoring and Control System

Authors: J.-P. Skön, M. Johansson, O. Kauhanen, M. Raatikainen, K. Leiviskä, M. Kolehmainen

Abstract:

The building sector is the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter in the European Union (EU) and therefore the active reduction of energy consumption and elimination of energy wastage are among the main goals in it. Healthy housing and energy efficiency are affected by many factors which set challenges to monitoring, control and research of indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy consumption, especially in old buildings. These challenges include measurement and equipment costs, for example. Additionally, the measurement results are difficult to interpret and their usage in the ventilation control is also limited when taking into account the energy efficiency of housing at the same time. The main goal of this study is to develop a cost-effective building monitoring and control system especially for old buildings. The starting point or keyword of the development process is a wireless system; otherwise the installation costs become too high. As the main result, this paper describes an idea of a wireless building monitoring and control system. The first prototype of the system has been installed in 10 residential buildings and in 10 school buildings located in the City of Kuopio, Finland.

Keywords: Energy efficiency, Indoor air quality, Monitoring system, Building automation

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1070887

References:

[1] W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman, "Communications systems for building automation and control," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 93, pp.1178-1203, Jun. 2005.
[2] J. Morissey and R. E. Horne, "Life cycle cost implications of energy efficiency measures in new residential buildings," Energy and Buildings, vol. 43, pp. 915-924, Dec. 2010.
[3] K. J. Chia and S. K. Chou, "A performance-based method for energy efficiency improvement of buildings," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, pp. 1829-1839, Apr. 2011.
[4] D. Popescu, F. Ungureanu and A. Hernández-Guerrero, "Simulation models for the analyses of space heating consumption of buildings," Energy , vol. 34, pp. 1447-1453, Oct. 2009.
[5] M. H. Shiwehdi and A. Z. Khan, "A power line data communication interface using spread spectrum technology in home automation," IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 11, pp. 1232-1237, Jul. 1996.
[6] J. Ploennings, V. Vasyutynskyy and K. Kabitzsch, "Comparative study of Energy-Efficient Sampling Approaches for Wireless Control Network," IEEE Transaction on Industrial Informatics, vol. 6, pp.416- 424, Aug. 2010.
[7] A. P. Jones, "Indoor Air Quality and health," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 33, pp. 4535-4564, Dec. 1999.
[8] T. Salthammer, "Critical evaluation of approaches in setting indoor air quality guidelines and reference values," Chemosphere, vol. 82, pp. 1507-1517, Mar. 2011.
[9] S. C. Sofuoglu, G. Aslan, F. Inal and A. Sofuoglu, "An assessment of indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools," International Journal of Hygiene and Environment Health. vol. 214, pp. 36-46. Jan. 2011.
[10] D. Butler, "Architects of a Low-energy Future," Nature, 452, pp. 520- 523, Apr. 2008.
[11] R. Armstrong and N. Spiller, "Synthetic biology: Living quarters," Nature, 467, pp. 916-918, Oct. 2010.
[12] N. Gershenfeld, S. Samouhos, and B. Nordman: "Intelligent Infrastructure for energy efficiency," Science, vol. 372, pp.1086-1088, Feb. 2010.
[13] R. J. Jackson, "Environment Meets Health, Again," Science, 315(5817), pp.1337, Mar. 2007.
[14] J. P. Holdren, "Energy and Sustainability," Science, 315(5813), pp. 737, Feb. 2007.
[15] C. Reinisch, J. M. Kofler, F. Iglesias and W. Kastner, "Thinkhome Energy Efficiency in Future Smart homes," EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems, vol. 2011, Article ID 104617, 18 pages, Jan. 2011.
[16] M. A. Zamora-Izquierdo, J. Santa and A. F. G├│mez-Skarmeta, "An Integral and Networked Home Automation Solution for Indoor Ambient Intelligence," IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 9, pp. 66-77, Jan. 2010.
[17] M. Chan, D. Estève, C. Escriba and E. Campo, "A review of smart homes - Present state and future challenges," Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 91, pp. 55-81, Jul. 2008.
[18] J-P. Skön, O. Kauhanen and M. Kolehmainen, "Energy Consumption and Air Quality Monitoring System," Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, pp. 163-167, Adelaide, Australia Dec. 6-9, 2011.
[19] "EE80 data sheet," E+E Elektronik G.m.b.H., Austria.
[20] "F2000TSM-CO-C101 data sheet," Tongdy Control Technology Co., Ltd., China.
[21] "Dwyer MS-221 data sheet," Dwyer Instruments Inc., USA.
[22] "TSM-VOC-L100," Tongdy Control Technology Co., Ltd., China.
[23] "Multical® 601 data sheet," Kamstrup A/S, Denmark.
[24] "BSC1111 data sheet," Aktif Enerji Insaat Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd., Co., Turkey.
[25] "OS-550 data sheet," IR-TEC International Ltd., Taiwan.
[26] "WXT520 data sheet," Vaisala Ltd., Finland.
[27] "EE21-FT3A26/T02 data sheet," E+E Elektronik G.m.b.H., Austria.
[28] "ConnectPort X4 data sheet," Digi International Inc., USA.
[29] "TL-ANT2408CL data sheet," TP-LINK Technologies CO., Ltd., China.