Design of an Experimental Setup to Study the Drives of Battery Electric Vehicles

Authors: Valery Vodovozov, Zoja Raud, Tõnu Lehtla

Abstract:

This paper describes the design considerations of an experimental setup for research and exploring the drives of batteryfed electric vehicles. Effective setup composition and its components are discussed. With experimental setup described in this paper, durability and functional tests can be procured to the customers. Multiple experiments are performed in the form of steady-state system exploring, acceleration programs, multi-step tests (speed control, torque control), load collectives or close-to-reality driving tests (driving simulation). Main focus of the functional testing is on the measurements of power and energy efficiency and investigations in driving simulation mode, which are used for application purposes. In order to enable the examination of the drive trains beyond standard modes of operation, different other parameters can be studied also.

Keywords: Electric drive, electric vehicle, propulsion, test bench.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1063443

References:

[1] B. Fahimi and T. Sebastian, Guest editorial special section on automotive electromechanical converters, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, v. 56, n. 4, 2007, pp. 1470-1476.
[2] M. Ehsani, Y. Gao and A. Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 2010.
[3] C. Lungoci, D. Bouquain, A. Miraoui and E. Helerea Modular test bench for a hybrid electric vehicle with multiples energy sources, 11th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment OPTIM 2008, "Transilvania" University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania, 2008. pp. 299-306
[4] Test Facilities for Automotive Research and Development, IKA Institut f├╝r Kraftfahrzeuge, RWTH Aachen University, FKA Forschungsgesellschaft Kraftfahrwesen mbH, Aachen, Germany, 2011, 44 p.
[5] Y. Cheng, V-M. Joeri and P. Lataire, Research and test platform for hybrid electric vehicle with the super capacitor based energy storage, European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications EPE 2007, Aalborg, Denmark, 2007, pp. 1-10.
[6] P. Khatun, C. M. Bingham, N. Schofield and P. H. Mellor, An experimental experimental bench setup to study electric vehicle antilock braking/traction systems and their control, IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference VTC 2002, Vancouver, Canada, 2002, pp. 1490- 1494.
[7] L. Jun, W. Li-fang, Y. Jian and L. Gui-dong, Research of a novel flexible load for electric vehicle test bench, International Conference on Computer and Communication Technologies in Agriculture Engineering CCTAE 2010, Chengdu, China, 2010, pp. 223-226.
[8] F. Marra, D. Sacchetti, A. B. Pedersen, P. B. Andersen, C. Træholt and E. Larsen, Implementation of an electric vehicle test bed controlled by a virtual power plant for contributing to regulating power reserves, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, USA, 2012, pp. 1-7.
[9] I. Alcala, A. Claudio and G. Guerrero, Test bench to emulate an electric vehicle through equivalent inertia and machine dc, 11th IEEE International Power Electronics Congress CIEP 2008, Cuernavaca, Mexico, 2008, pp. 198-203.
[10] Z. Hui, L. Cheng and Z. Guojiang, Design of a versatile test bench for hybrid electric vehicles, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference VPPC 2008, Harbin, China, 2008, pp. 1-4.
[11] P. Drabek, L. Streit and M. Los, The energy storage system with supercapacitor, 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, Ohrid, Makedonia, 2010, pp. 39- 43.
[12] D. Jannuzzi, Improvement of the energy recovery of traction electrical drives using supercapacitors, 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, EPE-PEMC 2008, Poznan, Poland, 2008, pp. 1492-1497.
[13] Y. Cheng, J. Van Mierlo and P. Lataire, Research and test platform for hybrid electric vehicle with the supercapacitor based energy storage, International Review of Electrical Engineering (I.R.E.E.), v. 3, no. 3, 2008, pp. 466-478.
[14] P. Thounthong, Control of a three-level boost converter based on a differential flatness approach for fuel cell vehicle applications, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, v. 61, n. 3, 2012, pp. 1467- 1472.
[15] C.C. Chan and K.T. Chau, Modern Electric Vehicle Technology, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, 300 p.
[16] V. Vodovozov, Z. Raud and T. Lehtla, A toolbox to design inverters for automotive applications, 11th World Conference on Applications of Electrical Engineering AEE 2012, Vouliagmeni, Athens, Greece, 2012, pp. 190-195.
[17] L.-Y. Hsu and T.-L. Chen, Vehicle full-state estimation and prediction system using state observers, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., v. 58, n. 6, 2009, pp. 2651-2662.
[18] J. M. Miller, Propulsion Systems for Hybrid Vehicles, 2010, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 607 p.
[19] W. Xu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang and G. Sun, Characterization of advanced drive system for hybrid electric vehicles, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems ICEMS 2010, Incheon, China, 2010, pp. 487-492.
[20] M. Felden, P. Butterling, P. Jeck, L. Eckstein and K. Hameyer, Electric vehicle drive trains: From the specification sheet to the drive-train concept, 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, Ohrid, Macedonia, 2010, pp. S11-9-S11- 16.
[21] O. Tur, H. Ucarol, E. Ozsu, M. Demirci, Y. Solak, E. Elcik, O. Dalkilic and E. Ozatay, Sizing, design and prototyping of an electric drive system for a split drive hybrid electric vehicle, IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference IEMDC 2007, Antalia, Turkey, 2007, pp. 1745-1750.
[22] J. O. Estima and A. J. M. Cardoso, Efficiency analysis of drive train topologies applied to electric/hybrid vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, v. 61, n. 3, 2012, pp. 1021-1031.
[23] R. Miceli, M. Montana, G. R. Galluzzo, R, Rizzo and G. Vitale, A test cycle for the standardization and characterization of electric drives for electric vehicles − Experimental approach, International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, PEDES 1996, New Delhi, India, 1996, pp. 313-317.
[24] J. Riveros, B. Bogado, J. Prieto, F. Barrero, S. Toral and M. Jones, Multiphase machines in propulsion drives of electric vehicles, 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPEPEMC 2010, Ohrid, Macedonia, 2010, pp. T5-201-T5-206.
[25] T. Letrouvé, A. Bouscayrol, W. Lhomme, N. Dollinger and F. M. Calvairac, Different models of a traction drive for an electric vehicle simulation, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference VPPC 2010, Lille, France, pp. 1-6.
[26] M. H. Westbrook, The Electric Car: Development and Future of Batter, Hybrid, and Fuel-Cell Cars,London: IEE, 2001, 198 p.
[27] H. Rehman and L. Xu, Alternative energy vehicles drive system: Control, flux and torque estimation, and efficiency optimization, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, v. 60, n. 8, 2011, pp. 3625- 3634.
[28] L. Guzzella and A. Sciarretta, Vehicle Propulsion Systems: Introduction to Modeling and Optimization, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2010, 338 p.
[29] Institut f├╝r angewandte Batterieforschung (IABF), Available at: http://www.hochschule-kempten.de/forschungkooperation/ forschungszentrum-allgaeu-fza/institut-fuer-angewandtebatterieforschung/ institutsbeschreibung.html
[30] T. Markel and A. Simpson, Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy storage system design, Advanced Automotive Battery Conference, Baltimore, USA, 2006,
[31] J. Erjavec, Hybrid, Electric & Fuel-Cell Vehicles, Delmar, Cengage Learning, 2013, 308 p.