A Temporal Synchronization Model for Heterogeneous Data in Distributed Systems

Authors: Jorge Estudillo Ramirez, Saul E. Pomares Hernandez

Abstract:

Multimedia distributed systems deal with heterogeneous data, such as texts, images, graphics, video and audio. The specification of temporal relations among different data types and distributed sources is an open research area. This paper proposes a fully distributed synchronization model to be used in multimedia systems. One original aspect of the model is that it avoids the use of a common reference (e.g. wall clock and shared memory). To achieve this, all possible multimedia temporal relations are specified according to their causal dependencies.

Keywords: Multimedia, Distributed Systems, Partial Ordering, Temporal Synchronization

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1062758

References:

[1] W. Geyer, C. Bernhardt, and E. Biersack, "A synchronization scheme for stored multimedia streams," in IDMS-96, European Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Services, Heidelberg, Ed. Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 277-295.
[2] L. A. Morales and S. E. Pomares, "A temporal synchronization mechanism for real-time distributed continuous media," in International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications (SIGMAP), Setubal, Portugal, August 2006, pp. 302-309.
[3] K. Shimamura, K. Tanaka, and M. Takizawa, "Group communication protocol for multimedia applications," in IEEE ICCNMC-01, IEEE, Ed., 2001, p. 303.
[4] C. Plesca, R. Grigoras, P. Quinnec, and G. Padiou, "Streaming with causality: a practical approach," in MULTIMEDIA-05: Proceeding of the 13th annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, Ed., Hilton, Singapore, November 2005, pp. 283-286.
[5] e. a. Bulterman D., "Synchronized multimedia integration language (smil 3.0)," http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-SMIL3-20070713/, 2008.
[6] P. Balaouras, I. Stavrakakis, and L. Merakos, "Potential and limitations of a teleteaching environment based on h.323," Audio-Visual. Communication Systems, Computer Networks, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 945-958, 2000.
[7] C. Perkins, RTP Audio and Video for Internet. USA: Addison Wesley, 2003.
[8] L. Lamport, "Time clocks and the ordering of events in a distributed system," Communications of the ACM, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 558-565, 1978.
[9] J. F. Allen, "Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals," Communications of the ACM, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 832-843, 1983.
[10] J. Fanchon, K. Drira, and S. E. Pomares, "Abstract channels as connectors for software components in group communication services," in Fifth Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC-04), IEEE, Ed., Mexico, September 2004, pp. 20-24.
[11] L. Lamport, "On interprocess communications: I. basic formalism," Distributed Computing, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 77-85, 1986.
[12] M. Vilain, "A system for reasoning about time," in 2nd (US) National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-82), Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1982, pp. 197-201.