Solar Energy for Water Conditioning

Authors: J. Pawłat, H. Stryczewska

Abstract:

Shortening of natural resources will impose greater limitations of electric energy consumption in various fields including water treatment technologies. Small water treatment installations supplied with electric energy from solar sources are perfect example of zero-emission technology. Possibility of solar energy application, as one of the alternative energy resources for decontamination processes is strongly dependent on geographical location. Various examples of solar driven water purification systems are given and design of solar-water treatment installation based on ozone for the geographical conditions in Poland are presented.

Keywords: solar energy, water purification, ozone water treatment

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1061549

References:

[1] http://www.helpsavetheclimate.com/insoleurope.html, Energie-Atlas GmbH, CH-4142, Munchenstein.
[2] J. Pawłat, J. Diatczyk, G. Komarzyniec, T. GiŜewski, H. D. Stryczewska,K. Ebihara,F. Mitsugi, S. Aoqui, T. Nakamiya "Solar Energy for Soil Conditioning" Proc. International Conference on Computer as a Tool (EUROCON), Lisboa, Portugal, 2011, pp. 1-4.
[3] K. Nalewaj T. Janowski Z. Z┼éonkiewicz "The possibilities of using solar energy in the conditions of the Lublin Province", Solar Energy for a Sustainable Future, ISES Solar World Congress, Göteborg, Sweden 2003.
[4] Eurobserv-er, 2010, Solarthermal barometer, May 2010.
[5] Eurobserv-er, 2011, Photovoltaics barometer, May 2011.
[6] A. Scrivani, T. El Asmar, U. Bardi, "Solar trough concentration for fresh water production and waste water treatment", 2007, Desalination, Vol. 206, (No. 1-3), pp. 485-493.
[7] R. Meierhofer, G. Landolt, "Factors supporting the sustained use of solar water disinfection - Experiences from a global promotion and dissemination programme", 2009, Desalination, Vol. 248, pp. 144-151.
[8] A. Acra, Y. Karahagopian, Z. Raffoul, R. Dajani, "Disinfection of oral rehydration solutions by sunlight", 1980, Lancet, Vol. 316, (No. 8206), pp. 1257-1258
[9] B. Sommer, A. Marino, Y. Solarte, M.L. Salas, C. Dierolf, C. Valiente, D.Mora, R. Rechsteiner, P. Setter, W. Wirojanagud, H. Ajarmeh, A. Al-Hassan, M.Wegelin, "SODIS - an emerging water treatment process", 1997, J.Water SRT, Aqua, Vol. 46(No. 3), pp. 127-137.
[10] K.G. McGuigan, T.M. Joyce, R.M. Conroy, J.B. Gillespie, M.I. Elmore-Meegan, "Solar disinfection of drinking water contained in transparent plastic bottles: characterizing the bacterial inactivation process", 1998, J. Appl. Microbiol., Vol. 84, pp. 1138-1148.
[11] R. Reed "Sol-air water treatment" 22nd WEDC Conference, Discussion Paper, New Delhi, India, 1996. p. 295-6.
[12] W. Stumm, J. Morgan, "Aquatic chemistry. Chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters" Wiley, New York 1995.
[13] T. Brock, T. Madigan, J. Martinko, J. Parker "Biology of microorganisms", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 2000.
[14] M. Wegelin, S. Canonica, K. Mechsner, F. Pesaro, A. Metzler, "Solar water disinfection: scope of the process and analysis of radiation experiments", 1994, J Water SRT-Aqua ,Vol.43 (No.3), pp. 154-169.
[15] EAWAG/SANDEC. SODIS Conference Synthesis. 2000.
[16] M. Hindiyeh, A. Ali, "Investigating the efficiency of solar energy system for drinking water disinfection", 2010, Desalination, Vol. 259, (No.1-3), pp.208-215.
[17] P. Oates, P. Shanahan M. Polz, "Solar disinfection (SODIS): simulation of solar radiation for global assessment and application for point-of-use water treatment in Haiti" 2003, Water Research, Vol. 37 (No 1), pp. 47-54.
[18] A. Hanson, W. Zachritz, K. Stevens, L. Mimbela, R. Polka, L. Cisneros, ÔÇ×Distillate water quality of a single-basin solar still: laboratory and field studies", 2004, Solar Energy, Vol. 76, pp. 635-645.
[19] E. Antwi E. Bensah , J. Ahiekpor, "Use of solar water distiller for treatment of fluoride-contaminated water: The case of Bongo district of Ghana", 2011, Desalination, Vol.278 (No.1-3), pp 333-336.
[20] S. Appleyard "Developing solar cells with recycled materials and household chemicals for drinking water chlorination by communities with limited resources" 2008, Solar Energy Vol. 82, pp. 1037-1041.
[21] O.A. McLoughlin, S.C. Kehoe, K.G. McGuigan, E.F. Duffy, "Solar disinfection of contaminated water: a comparison of three small-scale reactors", 2004, Solar Energy Vol. 77, pp. 657-664.
[22] D. Robert, S. Malato, "Solar photocatalysis: a clean process for water detoxification", 2002, The Science of the Total Environment Vol. 291, pp. 85-97.
[23] D. Bahnemann, "Photocatalytic water treatment: solar energy applications " 2004, Solar Energy, Vol. 77, (No. 5), pp. 445-459.
[24] S. Malato, P. Fernández-Ibáñez, M.I. Maldonado, J. Blanco, W. Gernjak, "Decontamination and disinfection of water by solar photocatalysis: Recent overview and trends", 2009, Catalysis Today, Vol. 147 (No. 1), pp. 1-59.
[25] S. Malato, J. Blanco, D.Alarcon, M.Maldonado, P. Fernández-Ibáñez, W. Gernjak, "Photocatalytic decontamination and disinfection of water with solar collectors", 2007, Catalysis Today, Vol. 122, pp. 137-149.
[26] T. Ochiai, K. Nakata, T. Murakami, A. Fujishima, Y. Yao, D. Tryk, Y. Kubota ÔÇ×Development of solar-driven electrochemical and photocatalytic water treatment system using a boron-doped diamond electrode and TiO2 photocatalyst" 2010, Water Research, Vol. 44, pp. 904-910.
[27] A. Shawaqfeh, F. Al Momani, "Photocatalytic treatment of water soluble pesticide by advanced oxidation technologies using UV light and solar energy", 2010, Solar Energy Vol. 84 pp. 1157-1165.
[28] H. Stryczewska ÔÇ×Wykorzystanie energii s┼éonecznej w procesach obr├│bki wody, powietrza i gleby", Presentation for Lublin University of Technology, 04.2011.
[29] G. Komarzyniec, H. D. Stryczewska, R. Muszanski "Autonomous water treatment installation energized from PV panels", Proc. 15th International Conference on Advanced Oxidation Technologies for Treatment of Water, Air and Soil (AOTs-15), New York, USA 2009.
[30] J. Pawłat, Joanna, H. Stryczewska, K. Ebihara, "Sterilization Techniques for Soil Remediation and Agriculture Based on Ozone and AOP" 2010, Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies Vol. 13 (No. 2), pp. 138-145(8).
[31] J. Pawłat, Joanna, H. Stryczewska, K. Ebihara, F. Mitsugi, S. Aoqui, T. Nakamiya, "Plasma sterilization for bactericidal soil conditioning", 2010, Proc. HAKONE XII conference, Trenčianske Teplice, Slovakia, pp.407-411.
[32] K. Ebihara, H. Stryczewska, T. Ikegami, F. Mitsugi, J. Pawlat, " On-site ozone treatment for agricultural soil and related applications", 2011, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, Vol. 7, pp. 148-152.
[33] M. Takayama, K. Ebihara, H. Stryczewska, et al.T. Ikegami, Y. Gyoutoku, K. Kubo, M. Tachibana, "Ozone generation by dielectric barrier discharge for soil sterilization", 2006, Thin Solid Films, Vol. 506-507, pp. 396-399.