Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 33122
A Novel Method for Blood Glucose Measurement by Noninvasive Technique Using Laser
Authors: V.Ashok, A.Nirmalkumar, N.Jeyashanthi
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for noninvasive measurement of blood glucose concentration based on transilluminated laser beam via the Index Finger has been reported in this paper. This method depends on atomic gas (He-Ne) laser operating at 632.8nm wavelength. During measurement, the index finger is inserted into the glucose sensing unit, the transilluminated optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, compared with the reference electrical signal, and the obtained difference signal is processed by signal processing unit which presents the results in the form of blood glucose concentration. This method would enable the monitoring blood glucose level of the diabetic patient continuously, safely and noninvasively.Keywords: Anisotropy factor, Blood glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Noninvasive method, Photo detectors.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1059741
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 3303References:
[1] Anitha Soni, "Diabetes Management: Tests and Treatments among the 18 and Older U.S.Civilian Non institutionalized population in 2003", December 2005, pp. l.
[2] M. D. Stern, "In vivo evaluation of microcirculation by coherent light scattering," Nature, Vol.254, pp.56-58, 1975.
[3] G.A. Holloway and D.W.Watkins, "Laser Doppler measurement of cutaneous blood flow," J.Invert. drem, vol.69, no.3, pp.306-309, 1977.
[4] M.Sargent, III and M.O.Scully, "Theory of laser operation- An outline," in Laser Handbook, vol. I, F.T. Arecchi and E.O.Schulz-DuBois, Eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland, 1972, pp.45-114.
[5] D.W.Watkins and G.A. Holloway, "An instrument to measure cutaneous blood flow using the Doppler shift of laser light," IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng, vol, BME-25, pp.28-33, jan.1978.
[6] A.Dienes, "Dye Lasers," in Physics of Quantum Electronics, vol.II. Laser Applications to Optics and Spectroscopy, S.F.Jacobs, M.Sargent, III, J.F.Scott, and M.O.Scully, Eds. London, England: Addison-Wesely, 1975, pp.53-121.
[7] Rosenthal et al, "Noninvasive, near- infrared quantitative analysis instrument for measuring blood glucose", U.S.Pat.No.5,086,229.
[8] Cote et al., "Noninvasive optical Polrimetric glucose sensing using a true Phase measurement technique," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.39,No.7, July 1992, pp.752-756.
[9] J.R.McNichols and L.G.Cote, "Optical glucose sensing in biological fluids: An overview." Journal of Biomedical Optics,vol.5, no.1, pp.5- 16,2000.
[10] S.F.Malin, T.L.Ruchiti, T.B.Blank, S.U.Thennadil, and S.L.Monfre, "Noninvasive prediction of glucose by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy," Clinical Chemistry, vol.45, pp.1651-8, 1999.
[11] O.P.McDuff, "Techniques of gas lasers," in Laser Handbook, vol.I, F.T.Arecchi and E.O.Schulz-Dubois, Eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland, 1972, pp.631-702.
[12] J.P.Goldsborough, "Design of gas lasers," in Laser Handbook, vol. .I, F.T.Arecchi and E.O.Schulz-Dubois, Eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland, 1972, pp.597-630.
[13] A.Bachem and C.I.Reed, "The penetration of light through human skin," Amer.J.Physiol., vol.97, pp.86-91,1931.
[14] J.D.Hardy, H.T.Hammel, and D.Murgatroyd, "Spectral transmittance and reflectance of excised human skin," J.Appl.Physiol. vol.9, pp.257- 264,1956.
[15] R.L.Longini and R.Zdrojkowski, "A note on the theory of backscattering of light by living tissue," IEEE Trans. Bio-Med. Eng., vol.BME-15, pp.4-10, Jan.1968.
[16] S.Rothman, Physiology and Biochemistry of the Skin. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press,1954.
[17] R.V.Edwards, J.C.Angus, M.J.K.French, and J.W.Dunning, Jr, "Spectral analysis of the signal from the laser Doppler flowmeter: Timeindependent systems," J.Appl.Phys., vol.42,no.2, pp.837-850,1971.
[18] L.Mandel, "Fluctuations of light beams," in Progress in Optics, vol.II, E.Wolf, Ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands:North-Holland,1963, pp.181- 248.
[19] H.Z.Cummins and H.L.Swinney, "Light beating spectroscopy," in progress in Optics, vol.VIII, E. Wolf, Ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland,1970, pp.133-200.
[20] M. V. Klein, Optics. Newyork : Wiley, 1970.
[21] B.J.Berne and R.Pecora, Dynamic Light Scattering. New York: Wiely,1976.
[22] F.Durst, A.Melling, and J.H.Whitelaw, Principles and Practice of Laser- Doppler Anemometry. London, England: Academic, 1976.
[23] R.Nossal, J.Kiefer, G.H.Weiss, R.Bonner, H.Taitelbaum, and S.Halvin, "Photo migration in layered media," Appl.Opt., vol.27, pp.3382- 3391,1988.
[24] D.kumar, S.Chacko, and M.Singh," Monte Carlo simulation of photon scattering in biological tissue model, Ind.J.Biochem.Biophys," vol.36, pp.336, 1999.
[25] Tuan Vo-Dinh, "Biomedical Photonics- Handbook," CRC Press., pp.2- 58, 2003.
[26] Flock ST, Patterson M, Wilson B, Wyman DR. Monte Carlomodeling of light propagation in highly scattering tissue. I. Model prediction and comparison with diffusion theory. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1989;36:1162-8.
[27] Flock ST, Wilson B, Patterson M. Monte Carlo modeling of light propagation in highly scattering tissue. II. Comparison with measurements in phantoms. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1989;36: 1169-73.
[28] Wilson B. Measurement of tissue optical properties: methods and theories. In: Welch AJ, Van Gemert MCC, eds. Opticalthermal response of laser-irradiated tissue. New York: Plenum Press, 1995:233-61.
[29] Groenhuis RAJ, Ten Bosch JJ, Ferwerda HA. Scattering and absorption of turbid materials from reflection measurement. 1. Theory. Appl Opt 1983;22:2456-62.
[30] Groenhuis RAJ, Ten Bosch JJ, Ferwerda HA. Scattering and absorption of turbid materials from reflection measurement. 2. Measuring method and calibration. Appl Opt 1983;22:2463-7.
[31] Kienle A, Lilge L, Patterson M, Hibst R, Steiner R, Wilson B. Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue. Appl Opt 1996;35:2304-14.
[32] Farrell T, Patterson M, Wilson B. A diffusion theory model for the noninvasive determination of tissue optical properties in-vivo. Med Phys 1992; 19:879-88.
[33] Farrell T, Wilson B, Patterson M. The use of neural network to determine tissue optical properties from diffuse reflectance measurements. Phys Med Biol 1992; 37:2281-6.
[34] Patterson M, Moulton JD, Wilson B, Berndt KW, Lakowicz JR. Frequency-domain reflectance for the determination of the scattering and absorption properties of tissues. Appl Opt 1991;30: 4474-6.
[35] Patterson M. Frequency domain measurements of light propagation. In: Welch AJ, Van Gemert MCC, eds. Optical-thermal response of laserirradiated tissue. New York: Plenum Press, 1995:333-64.
[36] Maier J, Walker S, Fantini S, Franceschini M, Gratton E. Noninvasive glucose determination by measuring variations of the reduced scattering coefficient of tissues in the near-infrared. Opt Lett 1994;19:2062-4.
[37] Kohl M, Cope M, Essenpreis M, Boecker D. Influence of glucose concentration on light scattering in tissue simulating phantoms. Opt Lett 1994; 19:2170-2.
[38] Kohl M, Essenpreis M, Cope M. The influence of glucose concentration upon the transport of light in tissue-simulating phantoms. Phys Med Biol 1995;40:1267-87.
[39] Liu H, Beauvoit B, Kimura M, Chance B. Dependence of tissue optical properties on solute-induced changes in refractive index and osmolality. J Biomed Opt 1996;1:200-11.
[40] Chance B, Liu H, Kitai T, Zhang Y. Effect of solutes on optical properties of biological materials: models, cells, and tissues. Anal Biochem 1995;227:351-62.
[41] Fantini S, Franceschini-Fantini MA, Maier JS, Walker SA, Barbieri B, Gratton E. Frequency-domain multichannel optical detector for noninvasive tissue spectroscopy and oximetry. Opt Eng 1995;34:32-42.
[42] S.B. Colak, M.B. Vander Mark, G.W. Hooft, J.H. Hoogenraad, E.S. Vander Linden, and F.A. Kuijpers, " Clinical optical tomography and NIR spectroscopy for breast cancer detection," IEEE J.Select. Topics Quantum Electron, vol.5,pp. 1143-1158, July/ Aug.1999.
[43] A.Kienie, L.Lilge, M.S.Paterson, R.Hibst, R.Steiner, and B.C.Wison, "Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of optical scattering and absorption coefficient of biological tissues," Appl. Opt., vol.35, pp.2304-2314, 1996.