Experimental Estimation of Mixed-Mode Fracture Properties of Steel Weld

Authors: S. R. Hosseini, N. Choupani, A. R. M. Gharabaghi

Abstract:

The modified Arcan fixture was used in order to investigate the mixed mode fracture properties of high strength steel butt weld through experimental and numerical analysis. The fixture consisted of a central section with "butterfly-shaped" specimen that had central crack. The specimens were under pure mode I (opening), pure mode II (shearing) and all in plane mixed mode loading angles starting from 0 to 90 degrees. The geometric calibration factors were calculated with the aid of finite element analysis for various loading mode and different crack length (0.45≤ a/w ≤0.55) and the critical fracture loads obtained experimentally. The critical fracture toughness (KIC & KIIC) estimated with experimental and numerical analysis under mixed mode loading conditions.

Keywords: Arcan specimen, fracture toughness, mixed mode, steel weld.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1332330

References:

[1] Lawn BR, Wilshaw TR. Fracture of brittle solids. London: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
[2] Michael A. Sutton, Michael L. Boone, Fashang Ma, Jeffrey D. Helm, A combined modeling-experimental study of the crack opening displacement fracture criterion for characterization of stable crack growth under mixed mode I/II loading in thin sheet materials; Engineering Fracture Mechanics 66 (2000) 171-185
[3] Wilkins, D. J.; Eisenmann, J. R.; Camin, R. A.; Margolis, W. S.; Benson, R. A.; Characterizing Delamination Growth in Graphite-Epoxy, Damage in Composite Materials, ASTM STP 775, K. L. Reifsnider, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1982, pp. 168-183.
[4] American Society for Testing and Materials. 2007. Standard E399-06, Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIC of Metallic Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Philadelphia: ASTM.
[5] Russell, A. J.; On the Measurement of Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Energies, DREP Materials Report. 82-0, Defense Research Establishment Pacific, Victoria, December, 1982.
[6] O'Brien, T. K.; Mixed-Mode Strain-Energy-Release Rate Effects on Edge Delamination of Composites, Effects of Defects in Composite Materials, ASTM STP 836, D. J. Wilkins, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1984, pp. 125-142.
[7] Johnson, W. S.; Stress Analysis of the Crack-lap-Shear Specimen: An ASTM Round-Robin, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, JTEVA, Vol. 15, No.6, November 1987, pp. 303-324.
[8] Reeder, J. R.; and Crews, J. H., Jr.; The Mixed-Mode Bending Method for Delamination Testing, AIAA Journal, Vol. 28, No.7, July 1990, pp. 1270-1276.
[9] Bradley, W. L.; and Cohen, R. N.; Matrix Deformation and Fracture in Graphite-Reinforced Epoxies, Delamination and Debonding of Materials, ASTM STP 876, W. S. Johnson, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1985, pp. 389-410.
[10] Russell, A J.; and Street, K. N.; Moisture and Temperature Effects on the Mixed-Mode Delamination Fracture of Unidirectional Graphite/Epoxy, Delamination and Debonding of Materials, ASTM STP 876, W. S. Johnson, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1985, pp. 349-370.
[11] Hashemi, S.; Kinloch, A. J.; and Williams J. G.; Interlaminar Fracture of Composite Materials, 6th ICCM & 2nd ECCM Conference Proceedings, Vol. 3, London, July 1987, pp. 3.254-3.264.
[12] Arcan, M.; Hashin, Z.; and Voloshin, A., A Method to Produce Uniform Plane- Stress States with Applications to Fiber-Reinforced Materials, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 28, April 1978, pp. 141-146.
[13] M. A. Sutton and et al. Development and application of a crack tip opening displacement-based mixed mode fracture criterion, International Journal of Solids and Structures 37 (2000) 3591-3618.
[14] Maccagno, T.M. and Knott, J.P. The low temperature brittle fracture behaviour of steel in mixed modes I and II, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1991, 38, 111-128.
[15] Shih, C.P. Small-scale yielding analysis of mixed-mode plane-strain crack problems, In Fracture Analysis, ASTM STP 560, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1974, PA, 187-210.
[16] Hutchinson, I.W., Paris, P.C., Stability analysis of I-controlled crack growth, Elastic-plastic fracture ASTM STP, 1979, 668, 37-64.
[17] Paris, P.C, Taha, H., Zahoor, A., Ernst .19, H., The theory of instability of the tearing mode of elastic-plastic crack growth, Elastic-plastic fracture ASTM STP, 1979, 668, 5-36.
[18] ABAQUS user-s manual, version 6.5. Pawtucket, USA: Hibbit, Karlsson and Sorensen, HKS Inc; 2004.
[19] Nagtegaal, J. C., D. M. Parks, and J. R. Rice, On Numerically Accurate Finite Element Solutions in the Fully Plastic Range, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 153-177, 1977.
[20] Shih, C. F., B. Moran, and T. Nakamura, "Energy Release Rate along a Three-Dimensional Crack Front in a Thermally Stressed Body," International Journal of Fracture, vol. 30, pp. 79-102, 1986.
[21] ASTM D5045, Standard Test Method for Plane Strain Fracture Toughness and Strain Energy Release Rate of Plastic Materials: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1995.
[22] Choupani, N. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mixed- Mode Delamination in Arcan Laminated Specimens", International Journal of Materials Science & Engineering A. volume 478(2008): 229-242.
[23] P.M. Noury, R.A. Shenoi and I. Sinclair, "On mixed-mode fracture of PVC foam", International Journal of Fracture vol. 92, p. 131-151, 1998.
[24] R. A. Jurf, R. B. Pipes, "Intergranular Fracture of Composite Materials", J. Composite Materials, vol. 16, p. 386-394, 1982.
[25] E. E. Gdoutos, D. A. Zacharopoulos, and E. I. Meletis, "Mixed-Mode Crack Growth in Anisotropic Media", Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 34(2), p. 337-346, 1989.