Fuzzy Logic Based Improved Range Free Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks

Authors: Ashok Kumar, Vinod Kumar

Abstract:

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used to monitor/observe vast inaccessible regions through deployment of large number of sensor nodes in the sensing area. For majority of WSN applications, the collected data needs to be combined with geographic information of its origin to make it useful for the user; information received from remote Sensor Nodes (SNs) that are several hops away from base station/sink is meaningless without knowledge of its source. In addition to this, location information of SNs can also be used to propose/develop new network protocols for WSNs to improve their energy efficiency and lifetime. In this paper, range free localization protocols for WSNs have been proposed. The proposed protocols are based on weighted centroid localization technique, where the edge weights of SNs are decided by utilizing fuzzy logic inference for received signal strength and link quality between the nodes. The fuzzification is carried out using (i) Mamdani, (ii) Sugeno, and (iii) Combined Mamdani Sugeno fuzzy logic inference. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed protocols provide better accuracy in node localization compared to conventional centroid based localization protocols despite presence of unintentional radio frequency interference from radio frequency (RF) sources operating in same frequency band.

Keywords: localization, range free, received signal strength, link quality indicator, Mamdani fuzzy logic inference, Sugeno fuzzy logic inference.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1331337

References:

[1] N. Bulusu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, "GPS-Less Low Cost Outdoor Localization for Very Small Devices", IEEE Personal Communication Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 28-34, 2000.
[2] T. He, C. Huang, B. Blum, J. Stankovic, and T. Abdelzaher, "Range Free Localization Schemes in Large Scale Sensor Networks," IEEE 9th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), pp. 81-95, 2003.
[3] Weidong Wang and Qingxin Zhu, "High Accuracy Geometric Localization Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks," International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 1507- 1512, June 2006.
[4] N. Bulusu, D. Estrin, L. Girod and J. Heidemann "Scalable Coordination for Wireless Sensor Networks: Self-Configuring Localization Systems," International Symposium on Communication Theory and Applications (ISCTA), pp. 1-6, 2001.
[5] N. Alsindi, C. Duan, Jinyun Zhang and T. Tsuboi, "NLOS Channel Identification and Mitigation in Ultra Wideband ToA-Based Wireless Sensor Networks," Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication WPNC, pp. 59-66, March 2009.
[6] M. Nicoli and D. Fontanella, "Fundamental Performance Limits of ToABased Cooperative Localization," IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 1-5, June 2009.
[7] K. Yu, Y.J. Guo and M. Hedley, "TOA-Based Distributed Localization with Unknown Internal Delays and Clock Frequency Offsets in Wireless Sensor Networks," Signal Processing IET, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 106-118, March 2009.
[8] Enyang Xu, Zhi Ding and S. Dasgupta, "Source Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks From Signal Time-of-Arrival Measurements," IEEE Transactions Signal Processing, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 2887-2897, June 2011.
[9] N. Patwari, J.N. Ash, S. Kyperountas, A.O. Hero, R.L. Moses and N.S. Correal, "Locating The Nodes: Cooperative Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 54- 69, July 2005.
[10] Yun Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Demin Wang and D.P. Agrawal, "Range- Free Localization Using Expected Hop Progress in Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Transactions Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 1540-1552, Oct 2009.
[11] S.Y. Kim and O.H. Kwon, "Location Estimation Based on Edge Weights in Wireless Sensor Networks," Journal of Korea Information and Communication Society, Vol. 30, No. 10A, pp. 155-162, 2005.
[12] S. Yun, J. Lee, W. Chung and E. Kim, "Centroid Localization Method in Wireless Sensor Networks Using TSK Fuzzy Modeling," International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems, pp. 971-974, Sep 2005.
[13] Y. Sukhyun, L. Jaehun and Wooyong, "A Soft Computing Approach to Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks," Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 7552-7561, May 2009.
[14] M. Rudafshani and S. Datta, "Localization in wireless sensor networks," International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), pp. 51-60, 2007.
[15] A. Sikora and V.F. Groza, "Coexistence of IEEE 802.15.4 with Other Systems in the 2.4 GHz-ISM Band," IEEE Conference on Instrumentation and Measurement Technology, pp. 1786-1791, 2005.
[16] M. Petrova, L. WU., P. Mahonen and J. Rihijarvi, "Interference Measurements on Performance Degradation between Collocated IEEE802.11g/n and IEEE 802.15.4 Networks," 6th International Conference. On Networking. (IEEE Computer Society), pp. 93-102, 2007.
[17] J. Yen, "Fuzzy Logic-a Modern Perspective," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 153-165, Jan 1999.
[18] A.T. Parameswaran, M.I. Husain and S. Upadhyaya, "Is RSSI a Reliable Parameter in Sensor Localization Algorithms? - An Experimental Study," Field Failure Data Analysis Workshop (F2DA), New York, 2009.
[19] N. Baccour, A. Koubaa, L. Motolla, M. Zuniga, H. Youssef, C. Boano and M. Alves, "Radio Link Quality Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey," ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2012.
[20] R. Behnke and D. Timmermann, "AWCL: Adaptive Weighted Centroid Localization as an Efficient Improvement of Coarse Grained Localization," WPNC, pp. 243-250, 2008.
[21] Baozhu Li and Hui Wang "A Low Complexity Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network," IEEE International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communication and Asia-Pacific Conference on Information Technology and Ocean Engineering, pp. 217-220, 2010.
[22] Xino-Jun Zeng and Madan Singh, "Approximation Theory of Fuzzy Systems-MIMO Case," IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 219-235, 1995.