Struggles for Integration of the Technologies into Learning Environment in Turkey

Authors: Hasan Karal, Yasemin Aydin, Ömer Faruk Ursavas

Abstract:

Primary studies are being carried out in Turkey for expanding information and communication technologies (ICT) aided instruction activities. Subject of the present study is to identify whether those studies achieved their goals in the application. Information technologies (IT) formative teachers in the primary schools, and academicians in the faculties of education were interviewed to investigate the process and results of implementing computer-aided instruction methods whose basis is strengthened in theory. Analysis of the results gained from two separate surveys demonstrated that capability of the teachers in elementary education institutions for carrying into effect computer-aided instruction and technical infrastructure has not been established for computer-aided instruction practices yet. Prospective teachers must be well-equipped in ICT to duly fulfill requirements of modern education and also must be self-confident. Finally, scope and intensity of the courses given in connection with teaching of the ICT in faculties of education needs to be revised.

Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies, Teacher, Education

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1330247

References:

[1] Akbaba-Altun, S. (2004). Information technology classrooms and elementary school principals- roles: Turkish experience. Education and Information Technologies, 9, 255-270.
[2] Akbaba-Altun, S. (2006). Complexity of Integrating Computer Technologies into Education in Turkey, Educational Technology & Society, 9, 176-187.
[3] Akkoyunlu, B., & Orhan, F., (2007). The use of computers in K-12 schools in Turkey. Journal TechTrends, 45, 29-31.
[4] Altun, T., (2007). Information And Communications Technology (ICT) In Initial Teacher Education: What Can Turkey Learn From Range Of International Perspectives?, Journal of Turkish Science Education, 4.
[5] Annaraja, P., & Joseph M. N., (2006). Teacher Trainees- Attitude Towards Information and Communication Technology, DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, 26, 37-40.
[6] Aral, N., Ayhan, B. A., ├£nl├╝, ├û., Erdoğan, N., & ├£nal, N. (2007). Anaokulu Ve Anas─▒n─▒f─▒ ├ûgretmenlerinin Bilgisayara Yönelik Tutumlar─▒n─▒n Incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19, 01-08.
[7] Asan, A. (2003). Computer Technology Awareness by Elementary School Teachers: A Case Study from Turkey, Journal of Information Technology Education, 2.
[8] Beck, J. A., & Wynn, H. C. (1998). Technology in Teacher Education: Progress Along the Continuum. Clearing house on Teaching and Teacher Education, Washington.
[9] B─▒kmaz, F. (2006). New Elementary Curricula and Teachers. Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 39, 97-116.
[10] British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (BECTA). (2003). What the Research Says About ICT and Initial Teacher Training.
[11] Communication From The Commission To The Council And The European Parliament (COM, 392 final). (2007). Improving the Quality of Teacher Education, Brussels.
[12] Cepni, S., (2007). Arastırma ve Proje Çalısmalarına Giris (3rd Ed.), Trabzon: Celepler Press.
[13] Chao, W., (2003). Self-Efficacy toward Educational Technology: The Application in Taiwan Teacher Education. Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences, 4, 40.
[14] C─▒nar, O., Teyfur, E. & Teyfur, M., (2006). İlköğretim Okulu ├ûğretmen ve Yöneticilerinin Yap─▒land─▒rmac─▒ Egitim Yakla¶Çâ║─▒m─▒ ve Program─▒ Hakk─▒ndaki Gör├╝¶Çâ║leri. Eğitim Fak├╝ltesi Dergisi, 11, 47-64.
[15] Demiraslan, Y., & Usluel, Y. (2008). ICT integration processes in Turkish schools: Using activity theory to study issues and contradictions. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24, 458-474.
[16] Deniz, S., & Sahin, N. (2006). The Restructuring Process of Teacher Training System in Turkey: A Model of Teacher Training Based on Post-Graduate Education (PGCE). Journal of Social Sciences, 2, 21-26.
[17] Fulton, K., Glenn, A., & Valdez, G. (2004). Teacher Education and Technology Planning Guide, National Commission on Teaching and America-s Future University of Washington at Seattle (ED-01-CO- 0011). Learning Point Associates.
[18] G├╝lbahar, Y., (2008). Improving The Technology Integration Skills Of Prospective Teachers Through Practice: A Case Study. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7.
[19] Gulbahar, Y., & Guven, I. (2008). A Survey on ICT Usage and the Perceptions of Social Studies Teachers in Turkey. Educational Technology & Society, 11, 37-51.
[20] Hancer, A. H., (2006). Enhancing Learning Though Constructivist Approach in Science Education. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 1, 181- 188.
[21] Köseoğlu, P., Y─▒lmaz, M., Ger├ºek, C., Soran, H., (2007). Bilgisayar kursunun bilgisayara yönelik ba¶Çâ║ar─▒, tutum ve öz-yeterlik inan├ºlar─▒ ├╝zerine etkisi. Hacettepe ├£niversitesi Eğitim Fak├╝ltesi Dergisi, 33, 203- 209.
[22] Mary, O. (2007). Current Research on Physical Education Teacher Education. 12th Annual Congress of the ECSS, Finland.
[23] MEB. (2007). Eğitim Teknolojileri Genel M├╝d├╝rl├╝ğ├╝, Bili¶Çâ║im Teknolojisi Formatör ├ûğretmen Görevlendirmesi (B.08.0.ETG.0.21.01.04.00-209.0/12089).
[24] MEB. (2008a). Talim Terbiye Kurulu Program Geli¶Çâ║tirme ├çal─▒¶Çâ║malar─▒. Retrieved October 17, 2008 from http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/programlar/ program_giris/program_temel_yakla sim.pdf
[25] MEB. (2008b). Retrieved October 20, 2008 from http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/ogretmen/index.php
[26] MEB. (2008c). Eğitim Fak├╝ltelerinde Uygulanacak Yeni Programlar Hakk─▒nda A├º─▒klama. Retrieved October 20, 2008 from http://www.yok.gov.tr/egitim/ogretmen/aciklama _program.doc
[27] National Teacher Survey. (2005). This independent national survey was commissioned by CDW-G. Retrieved June 15, 2006 from http://newsroom.cdwg.com/features/2005Na tlTeacherSurvey.pdf
[28] NCES, (2007). Educational Technology in Teacher Education Programs for Initial Licensure (NCES 2008-040). U.S. Department of Education, Statistical Analysis Report.
[29] OECD. (1988). New Technologies in the 1990's. A Socio- Economic Strategy. Centre For Educational Research (CERI), Paris.
[30] OECD. (2001). Learning to change: ICT in schools. Retrieved June 01, 2007 from http://www.oecd.org/document/2/0,3343,en_2649_34487_ 2466626_1_1_1_1,00. html
[31] Official Journal of the European Union. (2007). 12 December.
[32] Oguz, A. (2004). Bilgi ├çağ─▒nda Y├╝ksek ├ûğretim Programlar─▒, Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 164.
[33] Orhan, F., & Akkoyunlu, B. (2003). Eğitici bilgisayar formatör (master) öğretmenlerin profilleri ve uygulamada kar¶Çâ║─▒la¶Çâ║t─▒klar─▒ g├╝├ºl├╝klere ili¶Çâ║kin gör├╝¶Çâ║leri. Hacettepe ├£niversitesi Eğitim Fak├╝ltesi Dergisi, 24, 90-100.
[34] Paas, L., & Creech, H., (2008). How Information and Communications Technologies Can Support Education for Sustainable Development: Current uses and trends. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).
[35] T├╝rker, H., & Kaptan A. Y. (2004). Eğitim Fak├╝lteleri G├╝zel Sanatlar Eğitimi Böl├╝mleri-nde Bilgisayar Destekli Tasar─▒m Eğitimine Yönelik I├ºerik ve Oneriler. XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultay─▒, Malatya.
[36] T├╝rkmen, H., (2006). Exploring Turkish science education faculties- understanding of educational technology and use. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2, 6981.
[37] UNESCO. (2001). Teacher Education Through Distance Learning Technology - Curriculum - Cost - Evaluation, Summary of Case Studies Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, India, Mongolia,Nigeria, South Africa (two studies). United Kingdom.
[38] UNESCO. (2002). Information and Communication Technologies in Teacher Education, A Planning Guide.
[39] Zhao, Y., & Bryant, F. (2007). Can Teacher Technology Integration Training Alone Lead to High Levels of Technology Integration? A Qualitative Look at Teachers- Technology Integration after State Mandated Technology Training. Electronic Journal for the Integration of Technology in Education, 5.