Emissions of Euro 3-5 Passenger Cars Measured Over Different Driving Cycles

Authors: C. A. Alves, A. I. Calvo, D. J. Lopes, T. Nunes, A. Charron, M. Goriaux, P. Tassel, P. Perret

Abstract:

The reduction in vehicle exhaust emissions achieved in the last two decades is offset by the growth in traffic, as well as by changes in the composition of emitted pollutants. The present investigation illustrates the emissions of in-use gasoline and diesel passenger cars using the official European driving cycle and the ARTEMIS real-world driving cycle. It was observed that some of the vehicles do not comply with the corresponding regulations. Significant differences in emissions were observed between driving cycles. Not all pollutants showed a tendency to decrease from Euro 3 to Euro 5.

Keywords: Chassis dynamometer, driving cycles, emission factors, exhaust emissions, light-duty vehicles.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1058503

References:

[1] W. Saleh, R. Kumar, and A. Sharma, "Driving cycle for motorcycles in modern cities: Case studies of Edinburgh and Delhi", World J. Sci., Technol. Sust. Dev., vol. 7, pp. 263-274, 2010.
[2] C. C. Lee, Y. C. Wen, and J. J. Kang, "Motorcycle exhaust particles induce IL-8 production through NF-╬║ B activation in human airway epithelial cells", J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, vol. 68, no. 17-18, pp. 1537-1555, Sep. 2005.
[3] E. Tzirkasi, K. Pitsas, F. Zannikos, and S. Stournas, "Vehicle emission and driving cycle: Comparison of the Athens driving cycle (ADC) with ECE-15 and European driving Cycle", Global Nest J., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 282-290, May 2006.
[4] W. T. Hung, H.Y. Tong, C.P. Lee, K. Ha, and L.Y. Pao, "Development of a practical driving cycle construction methodology: A case study in Hong Kong. Transportation Research", Transport. Res. D-Tr. E., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 115-128, Mar. 2007.
[5] M. André, "The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions", Sci. Total Environ., vol. 334-335, pp 73-84, Dec. 2004.
[6] M. André, R. Joumard, R. Vidon, P. Tassel, and P. Perret, "Real-world European driving cycles, for measuring pollutant emissions from highand low-powered cars", Atmos. Environ., vol. 40, no. 31, pp. 5944- 5953, Oct. 2006.
[7] B. C. Singer, T. W. Kirchstetter, R. A. Harley, G. R. Kendall, and J. M. Hesson, "A Fuel-Based Approach to Estimating Motor Vehicle Cold- Start Emissions". J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., vol 49, no. 2, pp. 125- 135, Feb. 1999.
[8] M. Weiss, P. Bonnel, R. Hummel, U. Manfredi, R. Colombo, G. Lanappe, P. Le Lijour, and M. Sculati "Analyzing on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS)", European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy. EUR 24697 EN - 2011, 2011, Ispra.
[9] EC, "Regulation (EC) No. 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community-s integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles", EC - European Commission. Official Journal of the European Union L 140, pp. 1-15, 2009.
[10] V. S. Petrovic, S. P. Jankovic, M. V. Tomic, M. M. Jovanovic, and D. M. Kneževic, "The possibilities for measurement and characterization of diesel engine fine particles - a review". Therm. Sci., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 915-938, Aug. 2011.