Preparation and Bioactivity Evaluation of Bone like Hydroxyapatite - Bioglass Composite

Authors: Seema Kapoor, Uma Batra

Abstract:

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are prepared on addition of 30%CaO-30%P2O5-40%Na2 O based glass to pure HA, in proportion of 2, 5, and 10 wt %. Each composition was sintered over a range of temperatures. The quantitative phase analysis was carried out using XRD and the microstructures were studied using SEM. The density, microhardness, and compressive strength have shown increase with the increasing amount of glass addition. The resulting composites have chemical compositions that are similar to the inorganic constituent of the mineral part of bone, and constitutes trace elements like Na. X-ray diffraction showed no decomposition of HA to secondary phases, however, the glass reinforced-HA composites contained a HA phase and variable amounts of tricalcium phosphate phase, depending on the amount of bioglass added. The HA-composite material exhibited higher compressive strength compared to sintered HA. The HA composite reinforced with 10 wt % bioglass showed highest bioactivity level.

Keywords: Bioactivity, Bioglass, Compressive strength, Hydroxyapatite.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1057767

References:

[1] S. Stevenson, "Enhancement of fracture healing with autogenous and allogeneic bone grafts," Clin Orthop., 1998, vol. 355(Suppl), pp. 239-46.
[2] J. A. Goulet, L. E. Senunas, G. L. DeSilva, and M. L. Greenfield, "Autogenous iliac crest bone graft. Complications and functional assessment," Clin Orthop., 1997, vol. 339, pp.76-81.
[3] J. M. Segur, S. Suso, S. Garcia, A. Combalia, and R. Ramon, "Bone allograft contamination in multiorgan and tissue donors," Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 1998, vol. 118, pp.156-158.
[4] R. Z. LeGeros, "Properties of osteoconductive biomaterials: calcium phosphates," Clin Orthop, 2002, vol. 395, pp.81-98.
[5] D.-M. Liu, and H.-M. Chou, "Formation of a new bioactive glassceramic," Journal of Material Science: Materials in Medicine, 1994, vol. 5, pp. 7-10.
[6] R. Xin, Y. Leng, J. Chen, and Q. Zhang, "A comparative study of calcium phosphate formation on bioceramics in vitro and in vivo," Biomaterials, 2005, vol. 26(33), pp. 6477-6486.
[7] G. Goller, H. Demirkiran, F. N. Oktar, and E. Demirkesen, "Processing and characterization of bioglass reinforced hydroxyapatite composites," Ceram Int., 2003, vol. 29, pp. 721- 724.
[8] F. N. Oktar, and G. Goller, "Sintering effects on mechanical properties of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites,", Ceram Int., 2002, vol. 28(6), pp. 617-621 617.
[9] M. Akao, H. Aoki, and K. Kato, "Mechanical properties of sintered hydroxyapatite for prosthetic applications," J Mater Sci., 1981, vol. 16, pp. 809-812.
[10] M. D. Francis, "The inhibition of calcium hydroxyapatate crystal growth by polyphosphonates and polyphosphates," Calcified Tissue Research, 1969, vol. 3, pp.151-162.
[11] F. J. Garc─▒a-Sanz, M. B. Mayor, J. L. Arias, J. Pou, B. Leon, and M. Perez-Amor, "Hydroxyapatite coatings: a comparative study between plasma-spray and pulsed laser deposition techniques," Journal of Material Science: Materials in Medicine, 1997, vol. 8, pp. 861-865.
[12] I. M. O. Kangasniemi, Develoment of Ca, P-ceramic containing bioactive glass composites, Masters Thesis, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, Feb 1993.
[13] J. H. Chern Lin, M. L. Liu, K. S. Chen, and C. P. Ju, "Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite- bioactive glass coatings on Ti6Al4V," Ceram Engng Sci Proc, 1993, vol. 14, pp. 971-981.
[14] J. C. Knowles, W. Bonfield, "Development of a glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite with enhanced mechanical properties: the effect of glass composition and its relationship to phase changes," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1993, vol.27, pp.1591-1598.
[15] J. D. Santos, J. C. Knowles, R. L. Reis, F. J. Monteiro, and G. W. Hastings, "Microstructural characterisation of glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composites," Biomaterials, 1994, vol. 15, pp. 5-10.
[16] J. D. Santos, P. L. Silva, J. C. Knowles, S. Talal, and F. J. Monteiro, "Reinforcement of hydroxyapatite by adding P2O5-CaO glasses with Na2O, K2O and MgO," J Mater Sci: Mater Med, 1996, vol. 7, pp. 187- 189.
[17] J. C. Knowles, "Development of hydroxyapatite with enhanced mechanical properties: effect of glass addition on mechanical properties," Biomaterials, 1993, vol. 25, pp. 20-23.
[18] J. D. Santos, R. L. Reis, F. J. Monteiro, J. C. Knowles, and G. W. Hastings, "Liquid phase sintering of hydroxyapatite by phosphate and silicate glass additions: structure and properties of the composites," Journal of Material Science: Materials in Medicine, 1995, vol. 6, pp. 348-352.
[19] W. Suchanek, M. Yashima, M. Kakihana, and M. Yoshimura, "Hydroxyapatite ceramics with selected sintering additives," Biomaterials, 1997, vol. 18, pp. 923-933.
[20] A. Afonso, J. D. Santos, M. Vasconcelos, R. Branco, and J. Cavalheiro, "Granules of osteoapatite and glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite implanted in rabbit tibiae," Journal of Material Science: Materials in Medicine, 1996, vol. 7, pp. 507-510.
[21] J. D. Santos, R. L. Reis, F. J. Monteiro, J. C. Knowles, G. W. Hastings, "Liquid phase sintering of hydroxyapatite by phosphate and silicate glass additions: structure and properties of the composites," Journal of Material Science: Materials in Medicine, 1995, vol. 6. pp. 348-352.
[22] M. Jarcho, "Calcium Phosphate ceramics as a hard tissue prosthetics," Biomaterials, 1981, vol. 12, pp. 157-168.
[23] Jae-Man Cho, "Formation and characterization of Hydroxyapatite coating layer by electron beam deposition," Journal of Material Research, 1999, vol. 14, pp. 145-158.