Performance of Ground Clay Bricks as Partial Cement Replacement in Grade 30 Concrete

Authors: Kartini, K., Rohaidah, M.N., Zuraini, ZA.

Abstract:

Demolitions of buildings have created a lot of waste and one of it is clay bricks. The waste clay bricks were ground to roughly cement fineness and used to partially replaced cement at 10%, 20% and 30% with w/b ratio of 0.6 and tested at 7, 28, 60, 90 and 120 days. The result shows that the compressive strength of GCB concrete increases over age however, decreases as the level of replacements increases. It was also found that 10% replacement of GCB gave the highest compressive strength, however for optimum replacement, 30% was chosen as it still attained strength of grade 30 concrete. In terms of durability performances, results show that GCB replacement up to 30% was found to be efficient in reducing water absorption as well as water permeability. These studies show that GCB has the potential to be used as partial cement replacement in making concrete.

Keywords: Compressive Strength, Ground Clay Bricks, Partial Cement Replacement, Water Absorption and Permeability

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1057583

References:

[1] Malek Batayneh, Iqbal Marie and Ibrahim Asi. Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes. 2007.
[2] Malhotra V.M. Fly Ash, silica fume, slag, & other mineral by-product in concrete, Publication SP-79, American Concrete Institute, 1983.
[3] Farrell. M.O., Sabir, B.B., Wild, B., and Golaszewski, J., Suchon, S., and Szwabowski, S. The influence of ground clay brick on the physical properties of mortar and concrete, University of Glamorgan United Kingdom and Silesian Technical University, Poland, 2000.
[4] Ambroise, J., Murat, M. and Peru. J. Pozzalanic behaviour of thermally activated kaolin. pp. 731 - 748, 1992.
[5] British Standard Institution BS 812-103-1 - Testing Aggregates. Methods for determination of particle size distribution. Sieve tests, 1985.
[6] British Standard Institution BS EN 12350-2 - Testing fresh concrete. Slump test, 2000.
[7] British Standard Institution BS EN 12390-4 - Testing hardened concrete. Compression strength. Specification for testing machines, 2000.
[8] Department of Environment (DOE). Design of Normal Concrete Mixes. BRE Publication, United Kingdom, 1988.
[9] British Standard Institution, BS 1881:122 - Testing concrete. Method for determination of water absorption, 1983.
[10] British Standard Institution, BS EN 12390-8 - Testing hardened concrete. Depth of penetration of water under pressure, 2000.
[11] American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C 618 - Specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. 2003.
[12] Bektas, F., Wang K, and Ceylan, Use of ground clay bricks as a pozzolanic materials in concrete, Journal ASTM International, Vol. 5, Issue 10, ISSN 1546-962X, 2008.
[13] Golaszewski, J., S.Suchon, J Szwabowski, M O-Farrell, B B Sabir, S Wild, The influence of ground brick on the physical properties of mortar and concrete. Silesian Technical University Poland and University of Glamorgan, United Kingdom, 1999.
[14] Toledo Filho, R.D., Goncalves, J.P., Americano, B.B. and Fairbairn, E.M.R., Potential for use of crushed waste calcined clay brick. Vol. 37, Issue 9, pp. 1357 - 1366, 2007.
[15] Concrete Society, London. Technical Report No. 31 - Permeability Testing of Site Concrete - A Review of Methods and Experience. ISBN 0 946691 21.5, London, p. 43.