Microbial Production of Levan using Date Syrup and Investigation of Its Properties

Authors: Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab, Behnaz Layegh , Ladan Aminlari, Mohammad B. Hashemi

Abstract:

Levan, an exopolysaccharide, was produced by Microbacterium laevaniformans and its yield was characterized as a function of concentrations of date syrup, sucrose and the fermentation time. The optimum condition for levan production from sucrose was at concentration of 20% sucrose for 48 h and for date syrup was 25% for 48 h. The results show that an increase in fermentation time caused a decrease in the levan production at all concentrations of date syrup tested. Under these conditions after 48 h in sucrose medium, levan production reached 48.9 g/L and for date syrup reached 10.48 g/L . The effect of pH on the yield of the purified levan was examined and the optimum pH for levan production was determined to be 6.0. Levan was composed mainly of fructose residues when analyzed by TLC and FT-IR spectroscopy. Date syrup is a cheap substrate widely available in Iran and has potential for levan production. The thermal stability of levan was assessed by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) that revealed the onset of decomposition near to 49°C for the levan produced from sucrose and 51°C for the levan from date syrup. DSC results showed a single Tg at 98°C for levan produced from sucrose and 206 °C for levan from date syrup.

Keywords: Date syrup, Fermentation, Levan, Microbacteriumlaevaniformans

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1057565

References:

[1] Whiting G, Coggins R. J.,1967. Microbiological Aspects of Production and Spoilage of Cider. Inst Brew.34,81-93.
[2] Tanaka K, Shimonishi M, Kitagaki M, Ikunaga M. 1990. Action of levan fructotransferase of Arthrobacter ureafaciens on three oligosaccharides containing a bifurcose residue. Agric Biol Chem.54,815-817.
[3] K.B. Song, K.S. Bae, Y.B. Lee, K.Y. Lee, S.K. Rhee,2000. Characteristics of levan fructotransferase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens K2032 and difructose anhydride IV formation from levan, Enzyme Microb. Technol, 27 212-218.
[4] J. Keith, B. Wiley, D. Ball, S. Arcidiacono, D. Zorfass, J. Mayer and D. Kaplan.1991. Continuous culture system for production of biopolymer levan using Erwinia herbicola. Biotechnol. Bioeng,38 .557-560.
[5] Rosell KG, Birkhed D.1974.An inulin_like produced by streptococcus mutans strain JC2. ACTA Chem Scand.28,528-589.
[6] Johnes, MR, Greenfield, PF, and Dolle, HW (1991). Byproducts from Zymomonas mobilis. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 44, 97-121.
[7] Han YW.1990.Microbial levan. Adv Appl Microbiol.35,171-194.
[8] Newbrun, E., Baker, S. 1968. Physico-chemical characteristics of the levan produced by Streptococcus salivarius. Carbohydrate Research .6,165-170.
[9] Park SG, Choi YJ. Kor J Appl. Microb Biotechnology. 1991;19:52.
[10] Otterlei M, Sundan A, Skjak-Braek G, Ryan L, Smidsrod O, Espevik T. 1993. Similar mechanisms of action of defined polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides: characterization of binding and tumour necrosis factor alpha induction.Infect Immun 1993.61,1917-1925.
[11] Yamada H. In: Pectin and Pectinoses. Visser J, Voragen AGJ, editors. New York: Elsevier Science 1996;173.
[12] E.J. Roberts, P.J. Garegg.1998. Levan derivatives, their preparation, composition and applications including medical and food applications. World Intellectual Property Organization Patent Application No. WO 98/03184.
[13] S.A. Kang, K. Hong, K.H. Jang, Y.Y. Kim, R. Choue and Y.2006. Lim, Altered mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic enzyme and PPAR╬▒ in rats fed dietary levan from Zymomonas mobilis, J Nutr Biochem ,17. 419-426.
[14] Y. Yamamoto, Y. Takahashi, M. Kawano, M. Iizuka, T. Matsumoto, S. Saeki and H. Yamaguchi ,2000. Hypercholesterolemic effects of levan in rats. In: K. Nishinari, Editor, Hydrocolloids, Elsevier Science, The Netherlands. 399-400.
[15] Stark Y, Leibovici J. ,1986.Different effect of the polysaccharide levan on the oncogenicity of cell of two variation of Lewis Jung carcinoma .Br J Exp Pathol,67.141-147.
[16] Calazans GMT, Lima RC, de Franca FP, Lopes CE.2000.Molecular weight and antitumour activity of Zymomonas mobilis levans. Int J Biol Macromol,27.245-250.
[17] S. Rhee, K. Song, C. Kim, B. Park, E. Jang, K. Jang, in: A. Steinbuchel (Ed.), Biopolymers; Polysaccharides ,Wiley/VCH, New York, 2002, p. 351.
[18] Allen PZ, Kabat EA.1957.The capacity of some polysaccharide to elicite antibody formation in man. J Exp Med,105.383-400.
[19] Han HW. Bioprocess Technol.1990;12:1.
[20] Arvidson, Sara A., Todd Rinehart, B., Gadala-Maria, Francis.2006. Concentration regimes of solutions of levan polysaccharide from Bacillus sp. Carbohydrate Polymers 6. 144-149.