Optimization of Process Parameters for Diesters Biolubricant using D-optimal Design

Authors: Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah, Jumat Salimon

Abstract:

Optimization study of the diesters biolubricant oleyl 9(12)-hydroxy-10(13)-oleioxy-12(9)-octadecanoate (OLHYOOT) was synthesized in the presence of sulfuric acid (SA) as catalyst has been done. Optimum conditions of the experiment to obtain high yield% of OLHYOOT were predicted at ratio of OL/HYOOA of 1:1 g/g, ratio of SA/HYOOA of 0.20:1 g/g, reaction temperature 110 °C and 4.5 h of reaction time. At this condition, the Yield% of OLHYOOT was 88.7. Disappearance of carboxylic acid (C=O) peak has observed by FTIR with appearance ester (C=O) at 1738 cm-1. 1H NMR spectra analyses confirmed the result of OLHYOOT with appearance ester (-CHOCOR) at 4.05ppm and also the 13C-NMR confirmed the result with appearance ester (C=O) peak at 173.93ppm.

Keywords: Esterification, Diesters, Biolubricant, D-optimaldesign.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1327933

References:

[1] Kaufmann, A.J. & Ruebusch, R. J. 1990. Oleochemicals-A Look at World Trends, INFORM 1:1034-1048.
[2] Hammond, E.G. 1991. The Raw Materials of the Fats and Oils Industry, in Introduction to Fats and Oils Technology, edited by P.J. Wan, American Oil Chemical Society, Champaign, 199: 11-15.
[3] Sonntag, N. O. V. 1979. Composition and characteristics of individual fats and oils. In "Bailey-s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, (M.W. Swern, Ed.), John Wiley & Sons. NY, 289-478.
[4] Horner, D., 2002. Recent trends in environmental friendly lubricants. Journal of Synthetic Lubricant 18: 327-334.
[5] Rudnick, L.R., Erhan, S.Z., 2006. Natural oils as lubricants. In: Rudnick, L.R. (Ed.), Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants. CRC Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, 353-360.
[6] Rhee, I., 1996. Evolution of environmentally acceptable hydraulic fluids. NLGI Spokesman 60: 28-35.
[7] Rudnick, L.R. (Ed.), 2003. Lubricant Additives, Chemistry and Applications. Marcel Dekker, New York.
[8] Erhan, S.Z., Adhvaryu, A., 2002. Vegetable oil based basestocks. In: Perez, J.M., Erhan, S.Z. (Eds.), Biobased Industrial Fluids and Lubricants. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, 1-19.
[9] Özgülsün, A., Karasmanoglu, F. & Tüter, M. 2000. Esterification reaction of oleic acid with a fusel oil fraction for production of lubricating oil. Journal of American Oil Chemical Society 77: 105-109.
[10] Erhan, S.Z. 2005. Vegetable oils as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and inks, (sixth ed.). In: Shahidi, F. (Ed.), Bailey-s Industrial Oil and Fat Products. John-Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ.
[11] Bhatia, J. & Mahanti, S., 2002. Technical, commercial and marketing aspects of environment friendly lubricants-emerging Asian and Indian perspectives, Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Tribology, Jamshedpur, India, April.
[12] Eisenhard, W. C. in: R.W. Johnson, E. Fritz (Eds.). 1989. Fatty Acids in Industry, Marcel Dekker, New York, Chapter 6, p. 139.
[13] Salimon, J. and Salih, N. 2009. Substituted Esters of Octadecanoic Acid as Potential Biolubricants. European Journal of Scientific Research 31: 273-279.
[14] Razali, N., Mootadi, H., Salamatinia, B., Lee K. T. & Abdullah, A. Z. 2010. Optimization of process parameters for alkaline-catalysed transesterification of palm oil using Response surface methodology. Sains Malaysiana 39: 805-809.
[15] Abdullah, B.M. & Salimon, J. 2010. Optimization of process variables using D-optimal design for separating linoleic acid in Jatropha curcas seed oil by urea complex fractionation. Biotechnology, 9: 362-367.
[16] Doll, K. M., Sharma, B. K. & Erhan, S. Z. 2007. Synthesis of branched methyl hdroxy stearates including an ester from bio-based levulinic acid. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Resrearch 46: 3513-3519.