Geochemical Assessment of Metal Concentrations in Mangrove Sediments along Mumbai Coast, India

Authors: Lina Fernandes, G. N. Nayak, D. Ilangovan

Abstract:

Two short sediment cores collected from mangrove areas of Manori and Thane creeks along Mumbai coast were analysed for sediment composition and metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, Zn, Cr and V). The statistical analysis of Pearson correlation matrix proved that there is a significant relationship between metal concentration and finer grain size in Manori creek while poor correlation was observed in Thane creek. Based on the enrichment factor, the present metal to background metal ratios clearly reflected maximum enrichment of Cu and Pb in Manori creek and Mn in Thane creek. Geoaccumulation index calculated indicate that the study area is unpolluted with respect to Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cr in both the cores while moderately polluted with Cu and Pb in Manori creek. Based on contamination degree, both the core sediments were found to be considerably contaminated with metals.

Keywords: Creek, Igeo, Mumbai, trace metals

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1327841

References:

[1] K. Kathiresan, and B. L. Bingham, Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advance in Marine Biology, vol. 40, pp. 81-251, 2001.
[2] K. Kathiresan, Greening the blue mud!. Revista De Biología Tropical, vol. 50, pp. 869-874, 2002.
[3] J. S. Bunt, How can fragile ecosystems best be conserved? In: Hsu¨ KJ, Thiede J (Eds). Use and misuse of the seafloor (Dahlem workshop reports: environmental science research report 11). Wiley, Chichester, 1992, pp. 229-242.
[4] G. Singh, A. L. Ramanathan, and M. B. K. Prasad, Nutrient cycling in mangrove ecosystem: A brief overview. Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science, vol. 30(3), pp. 231-244, 2005.
[5] C. Woodroffe, Mangrove sediments and geomorphology. In A. I. Robertson and D.M. Alongi (Eds). Tropical mangrove ecosystem, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 1992, pp.7-41.
[6] E. Wolanski, P. Mazda, and P. Ridd, Mangrove hydrodynamics. In A.I. Robertson and D.M. Alongi (Eds.). Tropical mangrove ecosystem, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 1992, pp. 436-462.
[7] E. Wolanski, B. King, and D. Galloway, Dynamics of the turbidity maximum in the Fly River estuary, Papua New Guinea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 40, pp. 321-337, 1995.
[8] K. Furukawa, E. Wolanski, and H. Mueller, Currents and sediment transport in mangrove forests. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 44, pp. 301-310, 1997.
[9] M. Preda, and M. E. Cox, Trace metal occurrence and distribution in sediments and mangroves, Pumicestone region, southeast Queensland, Australia. Environment International, vol. 28, pp. 433-449, 2002.
[10] F. Blasco, Mangroves of India (Les Mangroves de- Inde) Institute Francias De Pondichery, Travaux de la section. Scientifique et Technique, Tome XIV. Fascicule 1, 1975, pp.175.
[11] TMC-ES, Environmental status report prepared by the pollution control cell of Thane Municipal Corporation, 2000, pp.118.
[12] G. Quadros, S. Sukumaran, and R. P. Athalye, Impact of the changing ecology on intertidal polychaetes in an anthropogenically stressed tropical creek, India. Aquatic Ecology, vol. 43, pp. 977-985, 2009.
[13] M. U. Borkar, G. Quadros, and R. P. Athalye, Threats to the Mangroves of Thane Creek and Ulhas River Estuary, India. Journal of Coastal Development, vol. 11(1), pp. 48 - 56, 2007.
[14] R. L. Folk, Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Hemphill, Austin, Texas, 1974, pp.182.
[15] A. Walkey, and I. A. Black, An examination of the degtjareff method for the determining organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, vol. 37, pp. 29-38, 1934.
[16] K. Grasshoff, Methods of Seawater Analysis, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1999, pp.205.
[17] I. J. Jarvis, and K. Jarvis, Rare earth element geochemistry of standard sediments: a study using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Chemical Geology, vol. 53, 335-344, 1985.
[18] A. J. De Groot, W. Salomons, and E. Allersma, Processes affecting heavy metals in estuarine sediments, In J.D. Burton and P.S. Liss (Eds). Estua. Chem, London. Academic Press, 1976, pp.131-153.
[19] C. A. Fletcher, J. M. Bubbs, and J. N. Lester, Magnitude and distribution of contaminants in five salt marshes on the Essex coast, United Kingdom. I. Addressing the problem, site description and physicochemical parameters. Science of the Total Environment, vol. 155, pp. 312-345, 1994.
[20] J. P. Williams, J. M. Bubbs, and J. N. Lester, Metal accumulation within saltmarsh environments: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 28, pp. 277-290, 1994.
[21] A. H. Hussein, and M. C. Rabenhorst, Tidal inundation of transgressive coastal areas: pedogenesis of salinization and alkalinization. Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol. 65, 536-544, 2001.
[22] J. C. Cornwell, D. J. Conley, M. Owens, and J. C. Stevenson, Sediment chronology of the eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries, vol. 19, pp. 488-499, 1996.
[23] J. K. Stull, R. B. Baird, and T. C. Heesen, Marine sediment core profiles of trace constituents offshore of a deep wastewater outfall. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, vol. 58, 985-991, 1986.
[24] B. P. Finney, and C. A. Huh, History of metal pollution in the Southern California Bight: An update. Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 23, pp. 249-303, 1989.
[25] S. D. Madiseh, A. Savary, H. Parham, and S. Sabzalizadeh, Determination of the level of contamination in Khuzestan coastal waters (Northern Persian Gulf) by using an ecological risk index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 159, pp. 521-530, 2009.
[26] S. D. De Mora, and M. R. Sheikholeslami, ASTP: Contaminant screening program: Final report: Interpretation of Caspian Sea sediment data. Caspian Environment Program (CEP), 2002, pp.27.
[27] L. Fernandes, and G. N. Nayak, Distribution of sediment parameters and depositional environment of mudflats of Mandovi estuary, Goa, India. Journal of Coastal Research, vol. 25, 273-284, 2009.
[28] K. Zabetoglou, D. Voutsa, and C. Samara, Toxicity and heavy metal contamination of surficial sediments from the Bay of Thessaloniki (Northwestern Aegean Sea) Greece. Chemosphere, vol. 49, 17-26, 2002.
[29] A. Kumar, I. Kaur, and R. P. Mathur, Water quality and metal enrichment in bed sediments of the rivers Kali and Hindon, India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, vol. 20, pp. 53-60, 1998.
[30] H. A. Kehrig, F. N. Pinto, I. Moreira, and O. Malm, Heavy Metals and Methylmercury in a Tropical Coastal Estuary and a Mangrove in Brazil. Organic Geochemistry, vol. 34, 661-669, 2003.
[31] A. L. Ramanathan, V. Subramaniam, R. Ramesh, S. Chidambaram, and A. James, Environmental Geochemistry of the Pichavaram Mangrove Ecosystem (tropical), Southeast Coast of India. Environmental Geology, vol. 37, 223-233, 1999.
[32] U. Forstner, and G. T. W. Wittman, Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Springer- Verlag, vol. 110, 1983, pp.196.
[33] A. J. De Groot, and E. Allersma, Field observations on transport of heavy metals in sediments. In P. A. Krenkel. Heavy Metals in the Aquatic Environment, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1975, pp.85-95.
[34] S. A. Sinex, and G. R. Helz, Regional geochemistry of trace elements in Chesapeake Bay sediments. Environmental Geology, vol. 3, pp. 315- 323, 1981.
[35] H. Feng, X. Han, W. Zhang, and L. Yu, A preliminary study of heavy metal contamination in Yangtze River intertidal zone due to urbanization. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 49, pp. 910-915, 2004.
[36] K. K. Turekian, and K. H. Wedepohl, Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth-s crust. Bulletin of Geological Society of America, vol. 72, pp. 175-192, 1961.
[37] J. Zhang, and C. L. Liu, Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China - Weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 54, pp. 1051-1070, 2002.
[38] E. R. Sholkovitz, Flocculation of dissolved organic and inorganic matter during the mixing of river water and seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 40, pp. 831-845, 1976.
[39] B. Rubio, M. A. Nombela, and F. Vilas, Geochemistry of major and trace elements in sediments of the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain): An assessment of metal pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 40, pp. 968-980, 2000.
[40] P. Seralathan, S. Srinivasalu, A. L. Ramanathan, G. V. Rajamanickam, R. Nagendra, and S. R. Singarasubramanian, Post tsunami sediments characteristics of Tamilnadu Coast, G.V. Rajamanickam (Ed.), 26th December 2004 tsunami causes, effects remedial measures, pre and post tsunami disaster management, a geoscientific perspective, New Delhi: New Academic Publisher, 2006, pp. 124- 149.
[41] R. Ramesh, A. Kumar, A. B. Inamdar, P. M. Mohan, M. Prithviraj, and S. Ramachandran, Tsunami characterization and mapping in Andaman and Nicobar islands, G.V. Rajamanickam (Ed.) 26th December 2004 tsunami causes, effects remedial measures, pre and post tsunami disaster management, a geoscientific perspective, New Delhi: New Academic Publisher, 2006, pp.150-174.
[42] L. Fernandes, G. N. Nayak, D. Ilangovan, and D. V. Borole, Accumulation of sediment, organic matter and trace metals with space and time, in a creek along Mumbai coast, India. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 91, pp. 388-399, 2011.
[43] G. Muller, Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheins - Veranderungen seit (1971). Umschau, vol. 79, 778-783, 1979.
[44] A. R. Karbassi, I. Bayati, and F. Moatta, Origin and chemical partitioning of heavy metals in riverbed sediments. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 3, pp. 35-42, 2006.
[45] L. Fernandes, and G. N. Nayak, Sources and factors controlling the distribution of metals in mudflat sedimentary environment, Ulhas estuary, Mumbai, Indian Association of Sedimentologists, vol. 29, pp 71- 83, 2010.
[46] P. Sharma, D. V. Borole, and M. D. Zingde, 210-Pb geochronology and trace element composition of the sediments in the vicinity of Bombay, west coast of India. Marine Chemistry, vol. 47, pp. 227-241, 1994.
[47] L. Hakanson, An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Research, vol. 14, pp. 995-1001, 1980.
[48] A. E. Aksu, D. Yasar, and O. Uslu, Assessment of marine pollution in Izmir Bay: Heavy metal and organic compound concentrations in surficial sediments, Izmir. Turekian Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, vol. 22, 387-415, 1998.
[49] D. C. Tomlinson, J. G. Wilson, C. R. Harris, and D. W. Jeffery, Problems in the assessment of heavy metals levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, vol. 33 (1-4), pp. 566-575, 1980.
[50] D. Satyanarayana, P. K. Panigrahy, and S. D. Sahu, Metal pollution in harbor and coastal sediments of Visakhapatnam, east coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, vol. 23 (1), pp. 52-54, 1994.