Theoretical Analysis of a Crossed-Electrode 2D Array for 3D Imaging

Authors: Yuriy Tasinkevych, Eugene Danicki

Abstract:

Planar systems of electrodes arranged on both sides of dielectric piezoelectric layer are applied in numerous transducers. They are capable of electronic beam-steering of generated wave both in azimuth and elevation. The wave-beam control is achieved by addressable driving of two-dimensional transducer through proper voltage supply of electrodes on opposite surfaces of the layer. In this paper a semi-analytical method of analysis of the considered transducer is proposed, which is a generalization of the well-known BIS-expansion method. It was earlier exploited with great success in the theory of interdigital transducers of surface acoustic waves, theory of elastic wave scattering by cracks and certain advanced electrostatic problems. The corresponding nontrivial electrostatic problem is formulated and solved numerically.

Keywords: Beamforming, transducer array, BIS-expansion.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1089018

References:

[1] S. W. Smith, H. G. Pavy Jr., and O. T. von Ramm, “High-speed ultrasound volumetric imaging system. I. Transducer design and beam steering,” IEEE Trans.Ultrason., Ferroelectr. Freq. Contr., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 100-108, 1991.
[2] J. W. Hunt, M. Arditi, and F. S. Foster, “Ultrasound transducers for pulse-echo medical imaging,” IEEE Trans. Biomedical Eng., no.8 pp. 453-481, 1983.
[3] P. C. Eccardt, K. Niederer, and B. Fischer, “Micromachined transducers for ultrasound applications,” in Proc. 1997 IEEE Ultrason. Symp., vol. 2, pp. 1609-1618, 1997.
[4] E. D. Light, J. O. Fiering, P. A. Hultman, W. Lee, and S. W. Smith, “Update of two dimensional arrays for real time volumetric and real time intracardiac imaging,” in Proc. 1999 IEEE Ultrason. Symp., vol. 2, pp. 1217-1220, 1999.
[5] S. W. Smith, W. Lee, E. D. Light, J. T. Yen, P. Wolf, and S. Idriss, “Two dimensional arrays for 3-D ultrasound imaging,” in Proc. 2002 IEEE Ultrason. Symp., vol. 2, pp.1545-1553, 2002.
[6] C. E. Morton and G. R. Lockwood, “Theoretical assessment of a crossed electrode 2-D array for 3-D imaging,” in Proc. 2003 IEEE Ultrason. Symp., pp. 968-971, 2003.
[7] C. H. Seo and J. T. Yen, “256x256 2-D array transducer with row-column addressing for 3-D imaging,” in Proc. 2007 IEEE Ultrason. Symp., pp. 2381-2384, 2007.
[8] K. Bløtekjær, K. A. Ingebrigtsen, and H. Skeie,“A method for analyzing waves in structures consisting of metal strips on dispersive media,”IEEE Trans. Electron. Device, vol. 20, pp. 1133-1138,1973.
[9] E. J. Danicki, “Electrostatics of interdigital transducers,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelectr. Freq. Contr., vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 444-452, 2004.
[10] E. J. Danicki and Y. Tasinkevych, “Nonstandard electrostatic problem for strips,” J. Electrostatics, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 386-391, 2006.
[11] S. J. Jeong, C. H. Seo, and J. T. Yen, “Dual-layer transducer array for 3-D imaging,” in Proc. 2007 IEEE Ultrason. Symp., pp. 2371-2374, 2007.
[12] Y. Tasinkevych, Electrostatics: Theory and Applications. New-York: Nova Science Pub Inc., 2011, ch. Electrostatics of planar system of conducting strips, pp. 189-221.
[13] E. J. Danicki, “A method for analyzing periodic strips with apodization,” IEEETrans.Ultrason., Ferroelectr. Freq. Contr., vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 1890-1894, 2008.
[14] E. J. Danicki, “Electrostatics of crossed arrays of strips,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelectr. Freq. Contr., vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1701-1705, 2010.
[15] O. P. Thakur and A. K. Singh, “Electrostriction and electromechanical coupling in elastic dielectrics at nanometricinterfaces,” Material Science, vol. 27, p.839850, 2009.