Radiation Workers’ Occupational Doses: Are We Really Careful or Overconscious
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 33087
Radiation Workers’ Occupational Doses: Are We Really Careful or Overconscious

Authors: Sajjad A. Memon, Sadaf T. Qureshi, Naeem A. Laghari, Noor M. Khuhro

Abstract:

The present study represents the occupational radiation doses received by selected workers of Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy (NIMRA) Jamshoro Pakistan and conducted to discuss about how we be careful and try to avoid make ourselves overconscious. Film badges with unique identification number were issued to radiation worker to detect occupational radiation doses. In this study, only 08 workers with high radiation doses were assessed amongst 35 radiation workers during the period of January 2012 to December 2012. The selected radiation workers’ occupational doses were according to designated work areas and in the range of 1.21 to 7.78 mSv (mili Sieveret) out of the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. By the comparison of different studies and earth’s HNBR (High Natural Background Radiation) locations’ doses, it is concluded that the worker’s high doses are of magnitude of HNBR Regions and were in the acceptable range of National and International regulatory bodies so we must not to show any type of overconsciousness but be careful in handling the radioactive sources.

Keywords: Natural background radiation, Occupational dose, Overconscious, Personal monitoring.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1088812

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1670

References:


[1] K. N. Prasad, W. C. Cole, and G. M. Hasee, “Radiation protection in humans: Extending the concept of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) from dose to biological damage” Brit J Radiol.,vol. 77, 2004, pp. 97-99.
[2] J. Malathi, A. K. V. Andal, A. Paramesvaran, et al. “Study of indoor gamma radiation in Coimbatore City, Tamilnadu, India”, International Congress Series, vol. 1276, 2005, pp. 344-345.
[3] National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement, NCRP Report No. 160, “Ionizing Radiation Exposure of the Population of United States”, Bethesda, Md., National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 2009.
[4] N. E. Bolus, “Review of Common Occupational Hazards and Safety Concerns for Nuclear Medicine Technologists”, J Nucl Med Technol, vol. 36, 2008, pp. 11-17.
[5] Michigan State University Office of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Safety, Safety Manual, 1996.
[6] United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, “Radiation protection-minimize your exposure”, Washington, DC, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/protects-you/ protection-principles.html. (Accessed 9 April 2013).
[7] A. Martin and S. A. Harbison, “The external Radiation hazard”, In A Martin editors, An introduction to radiation protection, 4th Ed. London, Champ & Hall Medical, 1996, pp. 76-79.
[8] Google sites: Radiation protection for the x-ray technologists. Technologist protection-Time, Distance, Shielding. https://sites.google.com/a/maricopa.edu/radiation-protection-for-the-x-ray-technologist/technologist-protection/time-distance-shielding. (Accessed 13 April 2013).
[9] American Association of Physics in Medicine, AAPM Report No. 53, “Radiation Information For Hospital Personnel”, New York. American Association of Physics in Medicine, 1995, pp. 15-16.
[10] S. A. Memon, N. A. Laghari, and A. A. Cheema, “Evaluation of Radiation Workers’ Occupational Doses Working at NIMRA Jamshoro”. JLUMHS, vol. 11,nNo. 03, 2012, pp. 190-194.
[11] J. T. Bushberg, J. A. Seiber, E. M. Leidholot et al. “Radiation protection”. In J. T. Bushberg editors, The essential physics of medical imaging 2nd Ed. USA, Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, 2002, pp. 748-750.
[12] R. Frankel R. In: Radiation protection for radiologic technologist, New York, McGraw Hill Book physics Company, 1976.
[13] Manual on radiation protection in hospitals and general practice. Volume 5: Personnel monitoring services, Geneva, World Health Organization, 1980, pp. 19.
[14] International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 103: The Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protections, Annals of the ICRP 37 (2-4), New York, International Commission on Radiological Protection, 2007.
[15] Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority, PNRA PAK/904: Regulations on radiation protection, Islamabad, Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority, 2004, Annex III, Table 1-3, pp. 27.
[16] O.A. Okaro, C. C. Ohagwu, and J. Njoku, “Evaluation of personnel radiation monitoring in radiodiagnostic centres in South Eastern Nigeria”, Afr J Basic & Appl Sci,vol. 2, no. 1-2, 2010, pp. 49-53.
[17] G. K. Korir, J. S. Wambani, and I. K. Korir, “Estimation of annual occupational effective doses from external ionising radiation at medical institutions in Kenya”, S Afr J Radiol, December 2011, pp.116-119.
[18] W. Weizhang, Z. Wenyi, C. Ronglin, et al. “Occupational exposures of Chinese medical radiation workers in 1986-2000”, Radiat Prot Dosi, vol. 117, no. 4, 2005, pp. 440-443.
[19] J. V. Carreiro, and R. Avelar, “Occupational exposure in medical and paramedical professions in Portugal”, Radiat Prot Dosi, vol. 36, 1991, pp. 233-236.
[20] A. Jabeen, M. Munir, A. Khalil, et al. “Occupational exposure from external radiation used in medical practices in Pakistan by film badge dosimetry”, Radiat Prot Dosi, vol. 140, no. 4, 2010, pp. 396-401.
[21] K.P. Adhikari, L. N. Jha,and P. G. Montenegro, “Study and analysis of radiation level at different hospitals in Nepal”, World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Munich, Germany, International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) Proceedings, vol. 25, no. 3, 2009, pp. 110-113.
[22] Australian Uranium Association and the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism Radiation Workers’ Handbook Radiation Control in the Mining & Mineral Processing Industry, Australia.
[23] United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, “Sources and effects of ionizing radiation”, New York, United Nations, 2008, pp. 4.
[24] B. M. R. Green, J. S. Hughes, P. R. Lomas, et al. “Natural Radiation Atlas of Europe”, Radiat Prot Dosi, vol. 45, no. 1-4, 1992, pp. 491-493.
[25] L. H. S. Veiga, S. Koifman, V. P. Melo, et al. “Preliminary indoor radon risk assessment at the Poços de Caldas Plateau, MG – Brazil”, J Environ Radioactiv, vol. 70, no. 3, 2003, pp. 161-176.
[26] United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, New York, United Nations, 2008, Annex B, pp. 329-331.
[27] W. Luxim, “Health Survey In High Background Radiation Areas In China: High Background Radiation Research Group, China”, Science, vol. 209, no. 4459, 1980, pp. 877-880.
[28] S. P. Zhang, Z. Z. Wu, Y. W. Wu, et al. “Mechanism study of adaptive response in high background radiation area of Yangjiang in China”, Zhonghua yu Fang yi xue za zhi
[Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine], vol . 44, no. 9, 2010, pp. 815-819.
[29] M. K. Nair, K. S. Nambi, N. S. Amma, et al. “Population study in the high natural background radiation area in Kerala, India”, Radiation Research, vol. 152, no. 6, 1999, pp. S145–S148.
[30] N. M. Ghiassi, S. M. Mortazavi, J. R. Cameron, et al. “Very high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran: preliminary biological studies”, Health Phys, vol. 82, no. 1, 2002, pp. 92.
[31] J. H. Hendry, S. L. Simon, A. Wojcik, et al. “Human exposure to high natural background radiation: what can it teach us about radiation risks?", J Radiol Prot, vol. 29, no. 2A, 2009, pp. A29-A42.
[32] The University of Western Australia, Personal radiation monitoring, http://www.safety.uwa.edu.au/page/8744 (Accessed 18 April 2013).
[33] A.E. Brown. Fear of Radiation is a Bigger Health Risk Than Radiation Itself (published on 16 March 2011 at 15:32). http:// technorati.com/lifestyle/article/fear-of-radiation-is-a-bigger (Accessed 4 April 2013).