Risk Classification of SMEs by Early Warning Model Based on Data Mining
Authors: Nermin Ozgulbas, Ali Serhan Koyuncugil
Abstract:
One of the biggest problems of SMEs is their tendencies to financial distress because of insufficient finance background. In this study, an Early Warning System (EWS) model based on data mining for financial risk detection is presented. CHAID algorithm has been used for development of the EWS. Developed EWS can be served like a tailor made financial advisor in decision making process of the firms with its automated nature to the ones who have inadequate financial background. Besides, an application of the model implemented which covered 7,853 SMEs based on Turkish Central Bank (TCB) 2007 data. By using EWS model, 31 risk profiles, 15 risk indicators, 2 early warning signals, and 4 financial road maps has been determined for financial risk mitigation.
Keywords: Early Warning Systems, Data Mining, Financial Risk, SMEs.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1083511
Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 3390References:
[1] Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 Concerning the Definition of Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (2003/361/EC), L 124/36 2003. Official Journal of the European Union, Retrieved August 2010, from http://eurlex. europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri =OJ: L: 2003:124:0036:0041: en: PDF.
[2] OECD, "Policy responses to the economic crisis: Investing in innovation for long-term growth", 2009, retrieved August 2010, from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/45/42983414.pdf.
[3] J. Warner, "Bankruptcy costs: some evidence" Journal of Finance, vol.32, pp.337-347, 1977.
[4] S.A. Ross, R. Westerfield, and B.D. Jordan, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 2008.
[5] K. Terdpaopong, K. "Financially distressed, small and medium-sized enterprises- characteristics and discriminant analysis model: Evidence from the Thai market" Proceedings of the Small Enterprise Association of Australia & New Zealand (SEAANZ) Conference 2008, Sydney, Australia, ISBN: 978-0-646-50668-5 p.125-165. Retrieved August 2010, from hhtp://www.seaanz.org/documents/SEAANZ2008ConferenceProceeding _000.pdf.
[6] N. Ozgulbas and A.S. Koyuncugil, "Financial early warning system for risk detection and prevention from financial crisis" In Surveillance Technologies and Early Warning Systems: Data Mining Applications for Risk Detection, 2010, in A. S. Koyuncugil, & N. Ozgulbas (Eds.). Surveillance Technologies and Early Warning Systems: Data Mining Applications for Risk Detection (pp. 76-108). New York: Idea Group Inc.
[7] W. Frawley, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro and C. Matheus, C. "Knowledge discovery in databases: An overview" AI Magazine: Fall, pp.213-228, 1992.
[8] D. Hand, H. Mannila and P Smyth, Principles of data mining. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001.
[9] K. Thearling, Data mining and analytic technologies, 2004. Retrieved August 2010, from hhtp://www.thearling.com/.
[10] A.S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Social Aid fraud detection system and poverty map model suggestion based on data mining for social risk mitigation", 2010. In A. S. Koyuncugil, & N. Ozgulbas (Eds.). Surveillance Technologies and Early Warning Systems: Data Mining Applications for Risk Detection (pp. 173-193). New York: Idea Group Inc.
[11] E. Monk and B. Wagner, Concepts in Enterprise Resource Planning. Second Edition. Boston: Thomson Course Technologies, 2006.
[12] K. Y. Tam and M. Y. Kiang, "Managerial applications of neural networks: The case of bank failure predictions" Decision Sciences, vol.38, pp.926-948, 1992.
[13] K. C. Lee, I. Han, I and Y. Kwon, "Hybrid neural network models for bankruptcy predictions" Decision Support Systems, vol.18, pp.63-73, 1996.
[14] N. Kumar, R. Krovi and B. Rajagopalan, "Financial decision support with hybrid genetic and neural based modeling tools" European Journal of Operational Research, vol.103, pp.339-349, 1997.
[15] S. Nazem, and B. Shin, "Data mining: New arsenal for strategic decision making" Journal of Database Management, vol.10(1), pp.39-42. 1999.
[16] T. Eklund, B. Back, H. Vanharanta and A. Visa, "Using the selforganizing map as a visualization tool in financial benchmarking" Information Visualization, vol.2(3), pp.171-81, 2003.
[17] S. Hoppszallern, "Healthcare benchmarking" Hospitals & Health Networks, vol.77, pp.37-44, 2003
[18] B. L. Derby, "Data mining for improper payments" The Journal of Government Financial Management, vol.52(1), pp.10-13, 2003.
[19] S. Chang, H. Chang, C. Lin and S. Kao. "The effect of organizational attributes on the adoption of data mining techniques in the financial service industry: An empirical study in Taiwan" International Journal of Management, vol. 20(1), pp. 497-503, 2003.
[20] A. Kloptchenko, T. Eklund, J. Karlsson, B. Back, H. Vanhatanta, and A. Visa, "Combining data and text mining techniques for analyzing financial reports" Intelligent Systems in Accounting Finance and Management, vol.12(1), pp.29-41, 2004.
[21] C. Magnusson, A. Arppe, T. Eklund and B. Back, "The language of quarterly reports as an indicator of change in the company-s financial status" Information & Management. Vol.42, pp.561-70, 2005.
[22] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Financial profiling of SMEs: An application by data mining" Proceedings Book of the European Applied Business Research (EABR) Conference, Clute Institute for Academic Research, p.1-22, 2006
[23] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Is there a specific measure for financial performance of SMEs?" The Business Review, Cambridge, vol.5(2), pp.314-319, 2006..
[24] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Determination of factors affected financial distress of SMEs listed in ISE by data mining" Proceedings Book of 3rd Congress of SMEs and Productivity. KOSGEB and Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, 2006.
[25] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Developing financial early warning system via data mining" Proceedings Book of 4th Congress of SMEs and Productivity, Istanbul, p. 153-166, 2007.
[26] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Detecting financial early warning signs in Istanbul Stock Exchange by data mining" International Journal of Business Research, vol. VII(3), pp.188-193, 2007..
[27] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Early warning system for SMEs as a financial risk detector" In Hakikur Rahman (Ed.), Data mining applications for empowering knowledge societies. (pp. 221-240). New York: Idea Group Inc, 2008.
[28] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Strengths and weaknesses of SMEs listed in ISE: A CHAID Decision Tree application" Journal of Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol.23(1), pp.1-22, 2008.
[29] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "Measuring and hedging operational risk by data mining" Proceedings Book of World Summit on Economic- Financial Crisis and International Business, Washington, p.1-6, 2009
[30] A. S. Koyuncugil and N. Ozgulbas, "An intelligent financial early warning System model based on data mining for SMEs" Proceedings of the International Conference on Future Computer and Communication, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. DOI:10.1109/ICFCC.2009.118 , p. 662-666, 2009.
[31] N. Ozgulbas and A.S. Koyuncugil, "Profiling and determining the strengths and weaknesses of SMEs listed in ISE by the Data Mining Decision Trees Algorithm CHAID" 10th National Finance Symposium, Izmir, 2006.
[32] N. Ozgulbas and A.S. Koyuncugil, "Developing road maps for financial decision making by CHAID Decision Tree" Proceeding of International Conference on Information Management and Engineering, p.723-727, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2009.
[33] G. Fayyad, P. Piatetsky-Shapiro and P. Symth, "From data mining to knowledge discovery in databases" AI Magazine, vol.17(3), pp.37-54, 1996.
[34] A. S. Koyuncugil, Fuzzy Data Mining and its application to capital markets. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ankara University, Ankara, 2006.
[35] S.J. Lee and K. Siau, "A review of data mining techniques" Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol.101(1), pp.41-46, 2001.